In males, the sex-specific gene SRY that is found on the Y-chromosome initiates sex determination by downstream regulation of sex-determining factors, ( such as GATA4, SOX9 and AMH ), which leads to development of the male phenotype, including directing development of the early bipotential gonad down the male path of development.

Biomphalaria glabrata, another simultaneous hermaphrodite freshwater snail, does not exhibit sex-specific effects of partner novelty, and thus there is no Coolidge effect in the species.

While related sections of the law made references to sex, a State Assembly committee that was debating adding sex-specific terms to this section in 1977 noted: " Under existing law it is not clear whether partners of the same sex can get married ".

Turkish is a gender-neutral language except for a few sex-specific compound words ( mostly naming professions ).

With the sperm whale, the parasitic relationship is sex-specific.

There have been some reports that the human VNO does function, but only responds to hormones in a " sex-specific manner ".

In contrast to previous studies, which only considered small numbers of exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) and did not investigate sex-specific effects, this study used microarray technology to genotype a range of SNPs associated with all four MCPH genes, including upstream and downstream regions, and allowed for separate effects for males and females.

Examples include language-acquisition modules, incest-avoidance mechanisms, cheater-detection mechanisms, intelligence and sex-specific mating preferences, foraging mechanisms, alliance-tracking mechanisms, agent-detection mechanisms, and others.

Gametes can be identical in form and function ( known as isogametes ), but in many cases an asymmetry has evolved such that two sex-specific types of gametes ( heterogametes ) exist: male gametes are small, motile, and optimized to transport their genetic information over a distance, while female gametes are large, non-motile and contain the nutrients necessary for the early development of the young organism.

Some calls are sex-specific: females produce a rattling sound, while males make a high-pitched " gleep gleep.

Men and women play sex-specific roles in many musical activities.

Female garter snakes produce a sex-specific pheromone that attracts male snakes in droves, sometimes leading to intense male-male competition and the formation of mating balls of up to 25 males per female.

Examples of sex-dichotomous differences include aspects of the sex-specific genital organs such as ovaries, a uterus or a phallic urethra.

* re-phrasing sentences such that they avoid the need for third-person singular sex-specific pronouns ( e. g. " We decided to eat out ," rather than " She and I decided to eat out.

Despite the seemingly sex-specific name of this function, in reality the sideboy function may be performed by either male or female members of the ship's complement.

There is every reason to recognize that in the very last years of his life, as we shall see, Thompson did take the drug in carefully rationed doses to ease the pains of his illness, but the exact date at which this began has never been determined.

Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness ( physiological or physical ), injury, or disability.

Anxiety is the most common mental illness in America as approximately 40 million adults are affected by it.

An acute monophasic illness, EAE is far more similar to ADEM than MS.

Dr. Rieux consults his colleague, Castel, about the illness until they come to the conclusion that a plague is sweeping the town.

His illness is not consistent with the symptoms of the plague, and the inexplicable nature of the illness leads Rieux to diagnose him as a " doubtful case ".

This is to emphasize that the sacrament is available, and recommended, to all those suffering from any serious illness, and to dispel the common misconception that it is exclusively for those at or very near the point of death.

Canon law permits its administration to any Catholic who has reached the age of reason and is beginning to be put in danger by illness or old age, unless the person in question obstinately persists in a manifestly grave sin.

However, the reception of the Mystery is not limited to those who are enduring physical illness.

It is referred to as a zoonotic arbovirus and causes febrile illness, characterized by the onset of a sudden fever known as Oropouche fever.

It is medically considered a disease, specifically an addictive illness, and in psychiatry several other terms are used, specifically " alcohol abuse " and " alcohol dependence ," which have slightly different definitions.

In the Pāli canon, the bodhisatta is also described as someone who is still subject to birth, illness, death, sorrow, defilement, and delusion.

* Nebuchadnezzar's illness occurs in Babylon ; Nabonidus is stricken in Tema.

The concept of the bipolar spectrum is similar to that of Emil Kraepelin's original concept of manic depressive illness.

Currently, manic depressive illness is usually referred to as bipolar disorder or simply bipolar.

No one method is universally successful and most persons suffering from the illness need several forms of support.

It is a sub-diagnosis of bipolar disorder, and conforms to the classic concept of manic-depressive illness.

" It cannot be done " and he adds: " If a patient places himself in autohypnosis and regresses himself in an effort to reach illness or birth or prenatals, the only thing he will get is ill ".

The term disorder is often considered more value-neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms disease or illness, and therefore is preferred terminology in some circumstances.

While the term medical condition generally includes mental illnesses, in some contexts the term is used specifically to denote any illness, injury, or disease except for mental illnesses.

The incubation period of infectious disease, plus a variable period of illness even before a lethal effect, render this weapon unsuitable for hand-to-hand encounter.

In early 1993, after rumors began circulating about his health, Bixby went public with his illness, discussing his disease and the energy needed to keep him alive.

It has been hypothesized that Charles Darwin might have suffered from Chagas disease as a result of a bite of the so-called great black bug of the Pampas ( vinchuca ) ( see Charles Darwin's illness ).

In many cases, the terms disease, disorder, morbidity and illness are used interchangeably.

Some health insurance policies also define a medical condition as any illness, injury, or disease except for psychiatric illnesses.

Kraepelin proposed that by studying case histories and identifying specific disorders, the progression of mental illness could be predicted, after taking into account individual differences in personality and patient age at the onset of disease.

Much of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine derived from empirical observations of disease and illness by Taoist physicians and reflects the classical Chinese belief that individual human experiences express causative principles effective in the environment at all scales.

Infectious diseases, also known as transmissible diseases or communicable diseases comprise clinically evident illness ( i. e., characteristic medical signs and / or symptoms of disease ) resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism.

In the latter case, the disease may only be defined as a " disease " ( which by definition means an illness ) in hosts who secondarily become ill after contact with an asymptomatic carrier.

An infection is not synonymous with an infectious disease, as some infections do not cause illness in a host.

Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time.

Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time.

Coverage is typically for mortality as a result of accident, illness or disease but may extend to include infertility, in-transit loss, veterinary fees, and prospective foal.

Cover is available for mortality or economic slaughter as a result of accident, illness or disease but can extend to include destruction by government order.

In the Durham case, the court ruled that a defendant is entitled to acquittal if the crime was the product of his mental illness ( i. e., crime would not have been committed but for the disease ).

Since the 1990s to the present, responses to mad-cow disease, genetically modified foods, flu epidemics in pigs and birds, and an increase in foodborne illness outbreaks, agricultural pollution, and Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ( CAFOs ) have led people to question where their food comes from and what is actually in it.

The most well known Coxsackie A disease is Hand, foot and mouth disease ( unrelated to hoof and mouth disease ), a common childhood illness which affects mostly children aged 5 or under, often produced by Coxsackie A16.

Dementia is not a single disease, but rather a non-specific illness syndrome ( i. e., set of signs and symptoms ) in which affected areas of cognition may be memory, attention, language, and problem solving.

* Terminal illness, a progressive disease that is expected to cause death