A paradigm shift ( or revolutionary science ) is, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his influential book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ( 1962 ), a change in the basic assumptions, or paradigms, within the ruling theory of science.

The principles endorsed go deeper than a mere superficial change in policy, suggesting a qualitative shift in ethical norms and prevalent paradigms, but the precise character of views advocated range considerably over a spectrum of beliefs that include ecological utilitarianism on one side and Deep Ecology on the other, reflecting different degrees of innate value ascribed to humanity and other parts and levels of the larger biosphere.

Media convergence is not just a technological shift or a technological process, it also includes shifts within the industrial, cultural, and social paradigms that encourage the consumer to seek out new information.

While integrated circuits will — like all paradigms — ultimately reach the limits of their possible capabilities, the exponentially growing performance trend will likely continue via a paradigm shift to a newer technology like memristors or three-dimensional molecular computing.

Colby has identified trends in the development of economic paradigms, among them, a shift towards more ecological economics since the 1990s.

The second is one following from the work of Thomas Kuhn, where paradigms shift from one to another, rejecting some parts of the previous and subsuming some older parts to their new way of thinking.

* to revolutionary science ( important rules are called into question ; contradictions may be resolved ; paradigms shift )

Conceptually, there is no difference between the latter two categories, and improvements in telescopes can shift previously non-visual binaries into the visual class, as happened with Polaris in 2006.

The last, and most radical, shift in Franquin's production happened in 1977, when he went through another nervous breakdown and began his Idées Noires strip ( lit.

Also, a shift towards brass and percussion happened when klezmorim were conscripted into military bands.

An interesting shift happened during the early to mid-90s that helped fortify the band ’ s credibility-the band was now being seen as influential within the blossoming alternative rock scene.

There was at least one point in which Archy happened to jump onto the shift lock key — a chapter titled Capitals at Last ( styled as CAPITALS AT LAST ).

A transparent shift happened under Saddam's command ; a socialist economy, according to Con Coughlin, with government ownership of natural resources and the means of production was established.

This happened because of the capitalists ' tendency to shift their capital towards the sectors where it earned higher returns.

He gives the example of Israeli professor of archaeology, Ze ' ev Herzog, who caused an uproar in Israel and abroad when he gave voice to the " fairly widespread " view held amongst his colleagues that “ there had been no Exodus from Egypt, no invasion by Joshua and that the Israelites had developed slowly and were originally Canaanites ," concluding that the Sojourn, Exodus and Conquest was “ a history that never happened .” However, Rohl contends that the New Chronology, with the shift of the Exodus and Conquest events to the Middle Bronze Age, removes the principal reason for that widespread academic skepticism.

Warriors could shift from one society and into another when they became sufficiently proficient ; exactly how this happened is uncertain.

Also, language shift may have happened during Hungarian pre-history, as the prehistoric culture of Magyars shows very little similarity to the other Uralic peoples.

In reference to the format shift, program director Rick Gillette, who had guided WHYT to high ratings during its " Power 96 " and " 96. 3FM " days in the late 1980s, claimed that the station was merely responding to the popularity of the " hot " music of the time, which happened to be Alternative.

Nowadays, the industrial core of the area shifted eastward, with just Lombardy remaining from the original industrial triangle, together with Veneto and Emilia-Romagna ; the same shift happened for GDP per capita, with the eastern regions being today wealthier, always together with Lombardy, than Piedmont and Liguria.

McGilchrist, while accepting Jayne's intention, felt that Jayne's hypothesis was " the precise inverse of what happened " and that rather than a shift from bicameralism there evolved a separation of the hemispheres.

The Lone Star Series was the consequence of many things that happened to Texas in the 1950s: population shift westward from metropolitan areas on the East Coast, the space program, more modernized higher education, and the formation of the brief Continental League resulting in expansion in Major League Baseball shortly thereafter.

One winter ’ s day it happened that the Queen, who was entirely undressed, was just going to put on her shift ; I held it ready unfolded for her ; the dame d ’ honneur came in, slipped off her gloves, and took it.

Conventional history has painted Roberts's vote as a strategic, politically motivated shift to defeat Roosevelt's proposed legislation, but the historical record lends weight to assertions that Roberts's decision happened much earlier.

The shift from monochrome to color, to distinguish the angels ' reality from the mortals ', was first used in A Matter of Life and Death by Powell and Pressburger in 1946.

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bar: 1946 at: 134614 text: 134 614 shift :(- 14, 5 )

from: 1945 till: 1946 shift :($ dx ,- 2 ) color: SPÖ text: Renner

from: 1946 till: 1949 shift :($ dx ,$ dy ) color: ÖVP text: Figl I

from: 1945 till: 1946 shift :($ dx ,- 2 ) color: SPÖ text: Renner

from: 1946 till: 1949 shift :($ dx ,$ dy ) color: ÖVP text: Figl I

bar: 1946 at: 17269 text: 17. 269 shift :(- 14, 5 )

bar: 1946 at: 6104 text: 6. 104 shift :(- 17, 5 )

bar: 1946 at: 18202 fontsize: S text: 18, 202 shift :(- 10, 5 )

from: 01 / 07 / 1945 till: 01 / 07 / 1946 shift :( 0 ,- 4 ) text: 7

from: 01 / 07 / 1946 till: 01 / 07 / 1947 shift :( 0 ,- 4 ) text: 7

For the Catholic schools, the shift to oralism came later: St. Mary's School for Deaf Girls moved to an oral approach in 1946 and St. Joseph's School for Deaf Boys shifted to oralism in 1956, though this did not become formal state policy until 1972.

* 1945 / 1946: The PDO changed to a " cool " phase, the pattern of this regime shift is similar to the 1970s episode with maximum amplitude in the subarctic and subtropical front but with a greater signature near the Japan while the 1970s shift was stronger near the American west coast.

In 1946, Householder joined the Mathematics Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, where he was appointed chair in 1948 ; it is during this period that his interests shift toward numerical analysis.

On 20 October 1946, during a general meeting, the members of the club decided to shift from the concept of an Orchestra to that of a Band.

from: 01 / 01 / 1945 till: 31 / 12 / 1946 shift :( 20, 0 ) text :" J. Dewaquez " color: couleur2

Agrarianism concentrates on the fundamental goods of the earth, communities of more limited economic and political scale than in modern society, and on simple living — even when this shift involves questioning the " progressive " character of some recent social and economic developments.

By using the palette to mask the top area of the display and taking care about when it changes mode it can shift the continuous graphics at the bottom of the display down in two pixel increments because the internal display counter is not incremented on blank scanlines during non-continuous graphics modes.

Generally it is impossible to close two or three transactions at the same instant ; therefore, there is the possibility that when one part of the deal is closed, a quick shift in prices makes it impossible to close the other at a profitable price.

" when he and Butt-Head are working the late shift at Burger World ) and also having him almost say the forbidden word ( such as one time when he sang " Liar, liar, pants on ..." and pausing before " fire " ( in the " Liar!

Although this shift was an important one, it did not represent a radical break from the past so much as a small step in a broader, more gradual socio-economic movement that had been going on at least since 1907 when van de Velde had argued for a craft basis for design while Hermann Muthesius had begun implementing industrial prototypes.

Although this originally had been planned when Commodore first switched from the parallel IEEE-488 interface to a custom serial interface, hardware bugs in the VIC-20's 6522 VIA shift register prevented it from working properly.

This is useful when combinations of key presses are meaningful, and is sometimes used for passing the status of modifier keys on a keyboard ( such as shift and control ).

In astrophysics, gravitational redshift or Einstein shift is the process by which electromagnetic radiation originating from a source that is in gravitational field is reduced in frequency, or redshifted, when observed in a region of a weaker gravitational field.

This phenomenon, known as Stokes shift, is due to energy loss between the time a photon is absorbed and when it is emitted.

“ This produces a perceptual shift from thinking of oneself in terms of ‘ I ’ and ‘ me ’ to ‘ us ’ or ‘ we ’.” Only when an individual is salient with the in-group can he or she perceive responsibility for the harmful actions of the group, past and present.

A value of US $ 195 million to the Honduran economy from assembly industries in 1991 — when the value of clothing exports was greater than that of coffee — was a compelling argument in favor of the shift, however.

However, all these activities have died out during the 1980s, when the phone network switched to digitally controlled switchboards, causing network hacking to shift to dialing remote computers with modems, when pre-assembled inexpensive home computers were available, and when academic institutions started to give individual mass-produced workstation computers to scientists instead of using a central timesharing system.

A third approach is to look at the way the forces transform when we shift reference frames.

Olivier Roy argues that " Sunni pan-Islamism underwent a remarkable shift in the second half of the 20th century " when the Muslim Brotherhood movement and focus on Islamistation of pan-Arabism was eclipsed by the Salafi movement with its emphasis on " sharia rather than the building of Islamic institutions ," and rejection of Shia Islam.

" Because the shift was typically not accompanied by a commensurate development of community-based services, critics say that deinstitutionalization has led to large numbers of people who would once have been inpatients being incarcerated in jails and prisons or becoming homeless when outpatient services are not available or they choose not to adhere to treatment outside the hospital.

The dramatic shift toward reform started in early 1990 when the first organized opposition group, the Mongolian Democratic Union, appeared.

The hydrological distribution of the Meuse changed during the later Middle Ages, when a major flood forced it to shift its main course northwards towards the Merwede river.

The small Garmon accordion played in the Music of Azerbaijan sometimes has keys that can play microtones when a " shift " key is pressed.

This shift begins from February and ends in June, when the sun is fully overhead, at the tropic of cancer in the northern hemisphere.

It is often this final conclusion, the result of the long process, that is meant when the term paradigm shift is used colloquially: simply the ( often radical ) change of worldview, without reference to the specificities of Kuhn's historical argument.

After a routine day in the mine with the typical aggression toward miners and cramped living conditions and poor nutrition, he witnesses the spark that starts a rebellion when a security guard abuses a miner at the end of his shift and heartlessly kills him .< ref > Eos: Workers in Mine M-4 have started the rebellion.

# In the " shift " variant, when a set of blocks has been cleared, all remaining blocks to the top and left will shift down and to the right.