In practice an analog signal is subject to electronic noise and distortion introduced by communication channels and signal processing operations, which can progressively degrade the signal-to-noise ratio.

The analytical figure of merit is known as the signal-to-noise ratio ( S / N or SNR ).

Photomultiplier tubes are the most frequently used detectors in LS AAS, although solid state detectors might be preferred because of their better signal-to-noise ratio.

Because of this, and because of the use of additional devices in the spectrometer, the signal-to-noise ratio of background-corrected signals is always significantly inferior compared to uncorrected signals.

In addition, as the same algorithm is used for background correction and elimination of lamp noise, the background corrected signals show a much better signal-to-noise ratio compared to the uncorrected signals, which is also in contrast to LS AAS.

While wideband FM uses more bandwidth, it can improve the signal-to-noise ratio significantly ; for example, doubling the value of, while keeping constant, results in an eight-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio.

This configuration also provides an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio and drift effects of over 20 times that of a bare Hall device.

In adaptive systems, feedback increases the signal-to-noise ratio, which may converge towards a steady state.

Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio enables messages to be more clearly received.

This implies an increased signal-to-noise ratio in the circuits connecting the two regions.

As the timing resolution improves, the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) of the image will improve, requiring fewer events to achieve the same image quality.

Quality of service comprises requirements on all the aspects of a connection, such as service response time, loss, signal-to-noise ratio, cross-talk, echo, interrupts, frequency response, loudness levels, and so on.

The ability of the radar system to overcome these unwanted signals defines its signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ).

The maximum achievable throughput ( the channel capacity ) is affected by the bandwidth in hertz and signal-to-noise ratio of the analog physical medium.

To control for errors in the reception of the grayscale image data send by Mariner 9 ( caused by low signal-to-noise ratio ), the data had to be encoded before transmission using a so called error-correcting code ( ECC ).

In practice, the useful resolution of a converter is limited by the best signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) that can be achieved for a digitized signal.

One effective bit of resolution changes the signal-to-noise ratio of the digitized signal by 6 dB, if the resolution is limited by the ADC.

Articulation scores have been experimentally obtained as functions of varying word content, bandwidth, audio signal-to-noise ratio and the experience of the talkers and listeners involved.

This method is also used in digital file formats for better signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) at lower bit rates.

By comparison, the decibel ( dB ) is a dimensionless unit, used for quantifying the ratio between two values, such as signal-to-noise ratio.

To achieve high signal-to-noise ratio, delta modulation must use oversampling techniques, that is, the analog signal is sampled at a rate several times higher than the Nyquist rate.

In analog systems, this can increase the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) achieved during transmission, and in the digital domain, it can reduce the quantization error ( hence increasing signal to quantization noise ratio ).

For example, a detector with an NEP of can detect a signal power of one picowatt with a signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) of one after one half second of averaging.

Noise figure ( NF ) is a measure of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ), caused by components in a radio frequency ( RF ) signal chain.

FM improvement factor is the quotient obtained by dividing the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) at the output of an FM receiver by the carrier-to-noise ratio ( CNR ) at the input of the receiver.

Since the standard deviation of shot noise is equal to the square root of the average number of events N, the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) is given by:

SNR is usually taken to indicate an average signal-to-noise ratio, as it is possible that ( near ) instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios will be considerably different.

Signal level is often related to signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) in the fields of communication theory, science, and engineering, which measures the ratio between an arbitrary signal level and noise.

The signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) was an acceptable 42 dB.

* Progressive transmission by pixel and resolution accuracy, commonly referred to as progressive decoding and signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) scalability: JPEG 2000 provides efficient code-stream organizations which are progressive by pixel accuracy and by image resolution ( or by image size ).

: S / N is the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) or the carrier-to-noise ratio ( CNR ) of the communication signal to the Gaussian noise interference expressed as a linear power ratio ( not as logarithmic decibels ).

In other words, the confidence one has in a given result being non-random ( i. e. it is not a consequence of chance ) depends on the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) and the sample size.

In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) in a measured HRTF, it is important that the impulse being generated be of high volume.

According to the Shannon – Hartley theorem, the channel capacity of a properly-encoded signal is proportional to the bandwidth of the channel and the logarithm of the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) ( assuming the noise is additive white Gaussian noise ).

In addition, Audigy 2 supported up to 6. 1 ( later 7. 1 ) speakers and had improved signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) over the Audigy ( 106 vs. 100 decibels ( A )).

where is the received signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ).

# Deliver high signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) — low unwanted-signal ( Noise ) power, N.

It is used to boost the signal strength to drive the cable to the main instrument without significantly degrading the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ).

From an engineering point of view it is possible to define the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) of the recorded ERPs.

Digital filters rely less on analog circuitry, potentially allowing for a better signal-to-noise ratio.

The high-frequency signal components are emphasized to produce a more equal modulation index for the transmitted frequency spectrum, and therefore a better signal-to-noise ratio for the entire frequency range.

Slower scans provide a better signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in better contrast and higher resolution.

In most cases, perceptual enhancement makes the sound further from the original objectively ( signal-to-noise ratio ), but in the end it still sounds better ( subjective improvement ).

An internet forum where users should read the FAQ before posting their questions is more likely to have a better signal-to-noise ratio than one that is filled with repetitive postings, and hence is more useful and more likely to attract continued participation.

The main improvements were better compatibility with older SB models, and an improved signal-to-noise ratio.

Magnetic recording offered a better signal-to-noise ratio, allowing more tracks to be played simultaneously without increasing noise on the full mix.

This results in a better signal-to-noise ratio, and lowers the detection limit by approximately a factor 10000, when compared to the 180 ° geometry.

ECoG is a very promising intermediate BCI modality because it has higher spatial resolution, better signal-to-noise ratio, wider frequency range, and less training requirements than scalp-recorded EEG, and at the same time has lower technical difficulty, lower clinical risk, and probably superior long-term stability than intracortical single-neuron recording.

The third generation antenna provides a longer focal length, which helps to create a better signal-to-noise ratio.

For example, if two different-sized image sensors have the same aspect ratio and a resolution of 10 megapixels, and are made using similar technology, the larger sensor will have better signal-to-noise ratio by a factor equal to the ratio of the two sensors ' crop factors.

Beginning in 1993, a number of improvements in the measurement techniques — notably using confocal microscopy, and then two-photon microscopy — to better define the measurement volume and reject background — greatly improved the signal-to-noise ratio and allowed single molecule sensitivity.