The analytical figure of merit is known as the signal-to-noise ratio ( S / N or SNR ).

SNR is defined as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power within the desired signal ; it compares the level of a desired target signal to the level of background noise ( atmospheric noise and noise generated within the receiver ).

The higher a system's SNR, the better it is in isolating actual targets from the surrounding noise signals.

The Lionel-Murphy SNR is nitrogen-abundant supernova remnant ( SNR ) N86 in the Large Magellanic Cloud named by astronomers at the Australian National University's Mount Stromlo Observatory in acknowledgement of Australian High Court Justice Lionel Murphy's interest in science and because of SNR N86's perceived resemblance to his large nose.

This implies that the upper left SNR is the product of a Type Ia supernova.

A 16 ms X-ray pulsar is associated with SNR 0538-69. 1.

A supernova remnant ( SNR ) is the structure resulting from the explosion of a star in a supernova.

In practice, the useful resolution of a converter is limited by the best signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) that can be achieved for a digitized signal.

Received Power ( dBm ) is usually used ; while in wireless communication, BER ( dB ) vs. SNR ( dB ) is used.

This method is also used in digital file formats for better signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) at lower bit rates.

But a 1971 study shows that slope overload is less objectionable compared to granularity than one might expect based solely on SNR measures .< ref >

Noise figure ( NF ) is a measure of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ), caused by components in a radio frequency ( RF ) signal chain.

The noise figure can also be seen as the decrease in signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) caused by passing a signal through a system if the original signal had a noise temperature of 290 K. This is a common way of expressing the noise contributed by a radio frequency amplifier regardless of the amplifier's gain.

If that amplifier is used to amplify a source having a noise temperature of about room temperature ( 290 K ), as many sources do, then the insertion of that amplifier would reduce the SNR of a signal by 6 dB.

However one must check that the noise figure of the second stage is not so high ( or that the gain of the first stage is so low ) that there is SNR degradation due to the second stage anyway.

FM improvement factor is the quotient obtained by dividing the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) at the output of an FM receiver by the carrier-to-noise ratio ( CNR ) at the input of the receiver.

When the FM improvement factor is greater than unity, the improvement in the SNR is always obtained at the expense of an increased bandwidth in the receiver and the transmission path.

Since the standard deviation of shot noise is equal to the square root of the average number of events N, the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) is given by:

Thus it is commonly used in image processing, where the SNR of an image is usually calculated as the ratio of the mean pixel value to the standard deviation of the pixel values over a given neighborhood.

Murphy asked for a large mounted photo of SNR N86 from the scientific paper and placed it in his High Court chambers in the place where the other High Court justices usually hung a portrait of the Queen.

In exchange for this reduction in spectral efficiency, FEC usually reduces the bit-error rate, and typically enables operation at a lower signal to noise ratio ( SNR ).

As the timing resolution improves, the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) of the image will improve, requiring fewer events to achieve the same image quality.

The ability of the radar system to overcome these unwanted signals defines its signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ).

In analog systems, this can increase the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) achieved during transmission, and in the digital domain, it can reduce the quantization error ( hence increasing signal to quantization noise ratio ).

For example, a detector with an NEP of can detect a signal power of one picowatt with a signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) of one after one half second of averaging.

Signal level is often related to signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) in the fields of communication theory, science, and engineering, which measures the ratio between an arbitrary signal level and noise.

The signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) was an acceptable 42 dB.

* Progressive transmission by pixel and resolution accuracy, commonly referred to as progressive decoding and signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) scalability: JPEG 2000 provides efficient code-stream organizations which are progressive by pixel accuracy and by image resolution ( or by image size ).

: S / N is the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) or the carrier-to-noise ratio ( CNR ) of the communication signal to the Gaussian noise interference expressed as a linear power ratio ( not as logarithmic decibels ).

In other words, the confidence one has in a given result being non-random ( i. e. it is not a consequence of chance ) depends on the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) and the sample size.

In order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) in a measured HRTF, it is important that the impulse being generated be of high volume.

According to the Shannon – Hartley theorem, the channel capacity of a properly-encoded signal is proportional to the bandwidth of the channel and the logarithm of the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) ( assuming the noise is additive white Gaussian noise ).

In addition, Audigy 2 supported up to 6. 1 ( later 7. 1 ) speakers and had improved signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) over the Audigy ( 106 vs. 100 decibels ( A )).

where is the received signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ).

# Deliver high signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) — low unwanted-signal ( Noise ) power, N.

It is used to boost the signal strength to drive the cable to the main instrument without significantly degrading the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ).

From an engineering point of view it is possible to define the signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) of the recorded ERPs.

A signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR ) better than 100 is achieved, with a field-of-view ( FOV ) of 1. 25 mrad and an aperture diameter of 100 mm ( 4 ").

Signal-to-noise ratio ( often abbreviated SNR or S / N ) is a measure used in science and engineering that compares the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise.

If the signal and the noise are measured across the same impedance, then the SNR can be obtained by calculating the square of the amplitude ratio:

SNR measures the ratio between an arbitrary signal level ( not necessarily the most powerful signal possible ) and noise.

An alternative definition of SNR is as the reciprocal of the coefficient of variation, i. e., the ratio of mean to standard deviation of a signal or measurement:

Yet another alternative, very specific and distinct definition of SNR is employed to characterize sensitivity of imaging systems ; see signal to noise ratio ( imaging ).

The modulation error ratio ( MER ) is a measure of the SNR in a digitally modulated signal.