Two of the fluids showed a high-positive normal pressure when undergoing shear, and two showed small negative pressures which were negligible in comparison with the amount of the positive pressures generated by the other two.

The small reaction occurring at 337-degrees-C is probably caused by decomposition of occluded nitrates, and perhaps by a small amount of some hydrous material other than Af.

The small amount of insoluble material which precipitated during dialysis was suspended in approximately 5 ml of starting buffer, centrifuged, resuspended in 2.5 ml of isotonic saline and tested for antibody activity.

While costs on this order are sometimes separately charged for in residential and commercial rates, in the form of a mere `` service charge '', they are more frequently wholly or partly covered by a minimum charge which entitles the consumer to a very small amount of gas or electricity with no further payment.

In addition, mixed race ( European and African ) people amount to about 2 %, with a small ( 1 %) population of whites, mainly ethnically Portuguese ( as a former overseas territory of Portugal until 1975, the Portuguese make up currently the largest non-African population, with certainly more than 100, 000, a number that has been constantly increasing from the 2000s, because of Angola's growing demand for qualified human resources.

There is more to this argument, given that the Parthians in the East were themselves soon to make no small amount of mischief after Antoninus ' passing.

The innovative aspect of the invention of the bow and arrow was the amount of power delivered to an extremely small area by the arrow.

If Acorn had thought to include this small modification in the original Electron design it is likely the machine would have had a much greater impact as it would have nearly doubled the amount of motion possible in games and saved modes 0 – 3 ( including the only 16 colour mode ) from being nearly useless due to contended memory timings.

After this, the senior priest ( or bishop ) pours pure olive oil and a small amount of wine into the shrine lamp, and says the " Prayer of the Oil ", which calls upon God to "... sanctify this Oil, that it may be effectual for those who shall be anointed therewith, unto healing, and unto relief from every passion, every malady of the flesh and of the spirit, and every ill ..." Then follow seven series of epistles, gospels, long prayers, Ektenias ( litanies ) and anointings.

After World War II, the sport experienced a small amount of growth in the Pacific region, particularly in Nauru, Papua New Guinea and later New Zealand.

They determined to reinvestigate the motion of γ Draconis ; the telescope, constructed by George Graham ( 1675 – 1751 ), a celebrated instrument-maker, was affixed to a vertical chimney stack, in such manner as to permit a small oscillation of the eyepiece, the amount of which ( i. e. the deviation from the vertical ) was regulated and measured by the introduction of a screw and a plumb line.

Electric incinerating toilets turn excrement into a small amount of ash.

Formally, arbitrage transactions have negative skew – prices can get a small amount closer ( but often no closer than 0 ), while they can get very far apart.

Because the difference was small, a large amount of money had to be borrowed to make the buying and selling profitable.

Generally at the start of a venture, a small amount of money will be set aside for the bootstrap process.

This means there is an energy gap for single-particle excitation, unlike in the normal metal ( where the state of an electron can be changed by adding an arbitrarily small amount of energy ).

The isolation of the four remaining small bongo populations, which themselves would appear to be in decline, means that a substantial amount of genetic material is lost each generation.

This test, called the whiff test, is performed by adding a small amount of potassium hydroxide to a microscopic slide containing the vaginal discharge.

With even a small amount of known or estimated plaintext, simple polyalphabetic substitution ciphers and letter transposition ciphers designed for pen and paper encryption are easy to crack.

Diesel engines are run with an excess of oxygen to combust small particles that tend to form with only a stoichiometric amount of oxygen, necessarily producing nitrogen oxide emissions.

While most elements are generally viewed as stable, a small amount of natural transformation of one element to another also occurs in the present time, through decay of radioactive elements as well as other natural nuclear processes.

The small amount of milk available for the calf under such systems may mean that it takes a longer time to rear, and in subsistence farming it is therefore common for cows to calve only in alternate years.

Someone who achieves a small amount of transient fame ( through, say, hype or mass media ) may become labeled a " B-grade celebrity ".

The United States approved a US $ 1. 3 billion assistance package, mostly of military and counternarcotics nature, but also including a small amount of social aid.

Sonar can be used to measure the thickness of the heart by placing small crystal transducers at opposite sides of the heart or blood vessel and exciting one with some pulsed ultrasonic energy.

This allows the small carbon atoms to enter the interstices of the crystal, diffusing into the iron matrix.

When compressed, the crystal produces a small electrical current, so when placed under the bridge saddle, the vibrations of the strings through the saddle, and of the body of the instrument, are converted to a weak electrical signal.

Furthermore, in very small crystals a large fraction of the atoms are located at or near the surface of the crystal ; relaxation of the surface and interfacial effects distort the atomic positions, decreasing the structural order.

Recent excavations at the Viking harbor town of Fröjel, Gotland in Sweden have revealed a small number of rock crystal lenses known as the Visby lenses.

For some of the synthetically produced transuranic elements, available samples have been too small to determine crystal structures.

In the final block of ice, each of the small crystals ( called " crystallites " or " grains ") is a true crystal with a periodic arrangement of atoms, but the whole polycrystal does not have a periodic arrangement of atoms, because the periodic pattern is broken at the grain boundaries.

A crystal structure ( an arrangement of atoms in a crystal ) is characterized by its unit cell, a small imaginary box containing one or more atoms in a specific spatial arrangement.

* Director, the spatial and temporal average of the orientation of the long molecular axis within a small volume element of liquid crystal

Also, gallium metal easily alloys with many metals, and was used in small quantities as a plutonium-gallium alloy in the plutonium cores of the first and third nuclear bombs, to help stabilize the plutonium crystal structure.

Ions in crystal lattices of purely ionic compounds are spherical ; however, if the positive ion is small and / or highly charged, it will distort the electron cloud of the negative ion, an effect summarised in Fajans ' rules.

Due to the cooperative nature of liquid crystal ordering, however, a small amount of chiral dopant in an otherwise achiral mesophase is often enough to select out one domain handedness, making the system overall chiral.

In crystallography, the phrase ' perfect crystal ' can be used to mean " no line or planar defects ", as it is difficult to measure small quantities of point defects in an otherwise defect-free crystal.

" It noted, in addition to merchants selling radio sets, " others display mostly accessories ... one shopkeeper last week featured a crystal set small enough to fit into a pocket, and another gave prominent position to a bucket of condensers about an inch in side.

Above all though, the Satyr with flute has a small companion for him, shows the deep connection with nature, the soft whistle of the wind, the sound of gurgling water of the crystal spring, the birds singing, or perhaps the singing a melody of a human soul that feeds higher feelings.

Livermore had been working on x-ray lasers for some time, but Chapline found a new solution that used the massive release of x-rays from a nuclear warhead as the source of light for a small baseball-bat sized lasing crystal in the form of a metal rod.

A crystal may be doped with a small amount of an element having more electrons than the semiconductor, and those excess electrons will be free to move through the crystal ; such a crystal is an n-type semiconductor.

One may also add to the crystal a small amount of an element having fewer electrons than the semiconductor, and the electron vacancies, or holes, so introduced will be free to move through the crystal like positively-charged electrons ; such a doped crystal is a p-type semiconductor.

Hence, William Hallowes Miller in 1839 was able to give each face a unique label of three small integers, the Miller indices which are still used today for identifying crystal faces.