CDMA employs spread-spectrum technology and a special coding scheme ( where each transmitter is assigned a code ) to allow multiple users to be multiplexed over the same physical channel.

Moreover, for a given noise power spectral density ( PSD ), spread-spectrum systems require the same amount of energy per bit before spreading as narrowband systems and therefore the same amount of power if the bitrate before spreading is the same, but since the signal power is spread over a large bandwidth, the signal PSD is much lower — often significantly lower than the noise PSD — so that the adversary may be unable to determine whether the signal exists at all.

The high bandwidth occupied by spread-spectrum signals offer some frequency diversity, i. e. it is unlikely that the signal will encounter severe multipath fading over its whole bandwidth, and in other cases the signal can be detected using e. g. a Rake receiver.

The use of spread-spectrum techniques allow signals to be spread over a wide enough spectrum to make jamming of such a wideband signal difficult.

* Constantly alternating the frequency that the radar operates on ( frequency hopping ) over a spread-spectrum will limit the effectiveness of most jamming, making it easier to read through it.

Unlike X. 25, whose designers expected analog signals with a relative high risk of transmission errors, Frame Relay offers a fast packet technology running over links with a low risk of transmission errors, which means that the protocol does not attempt to correct errors.

SONET offers an additional basic unit of transmission, the STS-1 ( Synchronous Transport Signal 1 ) or OC-1, operating at 51. 84 Mbit / s — exactly one third of an STM-1 / STS-3c / OC-3c carrier.

Instant messaging ( IM ) is a form of communication over the Internet, that offers an instantaneous transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver.

Online chat may refer to any kind of communication over the Internet, that offers a real-time direct transmission of text-based messages from sender to receiver, hence the delay for visual access to the sent message shall not hamper the flow of communications in any of the directions.

The system price in the day-ahead market is, in principle, determined by matching offers from generators to bids from consumers at each node to develop a classic supply and demand equilibrium price, usually on an hourly interval, and is calculated separately for subregions in which the system operator's load flow model indicates that constraints will bind transmission imports.

Apart from some of the examples given in the Corvair chapter, Nader offers much about the gear shift quadrants on earlier cars fitted with automatic transmission.

The physical layer ( PHY ) ultimately provides the data transmission service, as well as the interface to the physical layer management entity, which offers access to every layer management function and maintains a database of information on related personal area networks.

* 2008: Bombardier offers a new wireless power transmission product PRIMOVE, a system for use on trams and light-rail vehicles.

Other TCOs ( Transparent Conductive Oxides ) include AZO ( Aluminium doped Zinc Oxide ), which offers much better UV transmission than ITO.

The 2012 Porsche 911 offers a seven-speed manual transmission, with the seventh gear intended for cruising-top speed being attained on sixth.

The Gallardo offers two choices of transmissions, a conventional ( H-Box ) six-speed manual transmission, and an advanced six-speed electro-hydraulically controlled semi-automatic robotized manual, which Lamborghini abbreviates to " E-gear ".

A semi-automatic transmission offers a more direct connection between the engine and wheels than a manumatic and is preferred in high performance driving applications, while a manumatic is often preferred for street use because its fluid coupling makes it easier for the transmission to consistently perform smooth shifts, and CVTs are generally found in gasoline-electric hybrid engine applications.

Its Means of Payment segment offers smart cards, such as contact chips, contactless chips, dual interfaces, display cards, and public key infrastructure cards used for payments, identification, personalization and storage, recovery, and safe transmission of data ; and magnetic cards, including credit and debit cards, and private labels.

The TC-SST transmission equipped in the Ralliart offers 2 modes ( Normal, Sport ) rather than the 3 modes the same transmission offers in the Lancer Evolution X MR ( Normal, Sport, S-Sport ).

The STi offers many advantages over the WRX, such as a six-speed manual transmission with a helical ( Suretrac in ' 04 models ) limited slip front differential, driver controlled center differential ( DCCD ), IHI VF39 turbocharger ( VF43 in 2007, VF48 from 2008 on ), BBS lightweight alloy wheels, a mechanical rear limited slip differential and Brembo brakes.

A tiptronic transmission can operate in the same manner as a conventional type of automatic transmission, but also offers the driver an additional method of manually overriding the automatic shift changes.

Based on the principles of continuously variable transmission ( CVT ) popularised by DAF, Multitronic offers a stepless automatic transmission in which the ratio between the input shaft and output shaft can be varied continuously within a given range, providing virtually an infinite number of possible ratios.

Tylor in particular laid the groundwork for theories of cultural diffusionism, stating that there are three ways that different groups can have similar cultural forms or technologies: " independent invention, inheritance from ancestors in a distant region, transmission from one race to another.

Communication can be seen as processes of information transmission governed by three levels of semiotic rules:

However, several landmarks have been achieved in the fight against it in Latin America, including a reduction by 72 % of the incidence of human infection in children and young adults in the countries of the Southern Cone Initiative, and at least three countries ( Uruguay, in 1997, and Chile, in 1999, and Brazil in 2006 ) have been certified free of vectorial and transfusional transmission.

It supports hierarchical transmission of up to three layers and uses MPEG-2 video and advanced audio coding.

Summaries of the transmission are often found in modern editions of the plays, three of which are used as sources for this summary

Cardano invented several mechanical devices including the combination lock, the gimbal consisting of three concentric rings allowing a supported compass or gyroscope to rotate freely, and the Cardan shaft with universal joints, which allows the transmission of rotary motion at various angles and is used in vehicles to this day.

Of the three, electric transmission has proved to be most popular, and although diesel-hydraulic locomotives have certain advantages and are continuously used in some European countries, most modern Diesel-powered locomotives are diesel-electric.

The back or second ( verso ) side of Folio 1, in a half-page illustration, depicts the initial stages of the creation of the Libro de juegos, accompanied by text on the bottom half of the page, and the front or first ( recto ) side of Folio 2 depicts the transmission of the game of chess from an Indian Philosopher-King to three followers.

The megabyte ( abbreviated as Mbyte or MB ) is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information storage or transmission with three different values depending on context: bytes ( 2 < sup > 20 </ sup >) generally for computer memory ;< ref name =" AHSD ">

It came with either a five-speed dog leg manual transmission, or a Mercedes-Benz-derived automatic transmission, originally with three speeds, with four-speed from 1983 in North America and 1984 in other markets.

Since three of the major broadcast networks had their transmission towers atop the North Tower ( One World Trade Center ), coverage was limited after the collapse of the tower.

By 1854 he was able to demonstrate transmission across the Firth of Tay from Dundee to Woodhaven ( now part of Newport-on-Tay ), a distance of two miles ( three kilometers ).

In the 19th century, two-phase transmission was used but required either four wires or three wires with unequal currents.

( 2 ) Use HVDC for the three thousand miles of cross country transmission.

He demonstrated the world's first colour transmission on 3 July 1928, using scanning discs at the transmitting and receiving ends with three spirals of apertures, each spiral with a filter of a different primary colour ; and three light sources at the receiving end, with a commutator to alternate their illumination.

In electric power transmission, the three conductors used for three-phase power transmission are referred to as a balanced line since the instantaneous sum of the three line voltages is nominally zero.

# In data transmission, the operations required to complete all three phases of an information transfer transaction.

There are three major classes of digital modulation techniques used for transmission of digitally represented data:

It is this fact that leads some scholars to believe that Beowulf has endured a long and complicated transmission through all the main dialect areas.

In Chagas-endemic areas, the main mode of transmission is through an insect vector called a triatomine bug.

The main remaining area of active hardware design and research for scientific computing is for high-speed data transmission systems to connect mass market CPUs.

There are two main types of electron microscopes: transmission and scanning.

Its main competitors were the Bélinograf by Édouard Belin first, then since the 1930s the Hellschreiber, invented in 1929 by German inventor Rudolf Hell, a pioneer in mechanical image scanning and transmission.

Some of the main trends in modern Homeric scholarship have been, in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Analysis and Unitarianism ( see Homeric Question ), schools of thought which emphasized on the one hand the inconsistencies in, and on the other the artistic unity of, Homer ; and in the 20th century and later Oral Theory, the study of the mechanisms and effects of oral transmission, and Neoanalysis, the study of the relationship between Homer and other early epic material.

However, infection rates can be drastically reduced if the main focus is on the prevention of transmission jumps between hubs.

Unlike USB, FireWire uses intelligent controllers that can manage their own transmission without attention from the main CPU.

The main design aim of the house is to allow maximum light transmission.

There were to be two main cables, one for each direction of transmission.

The main mode of WNV transmission is via various species of mosquitoes which are the prime vector, with birds being the most commonly infected animal and serving as the prime reservoir host-especially passerines which are of the largest order ( Passeriformes ) of birds.

It is uneconomical to connect all distribution substations to the high main transmission voltage, because the equipment is larger and more expensive.

CSMA / CA can optionally be supplemented by the exchange of a Request to Send ( RTS ) packet sent by the sender S, and a Clear to Send ( CTS ) packet sent by the intended receiver R. Thus alerting all nodes within range of the sender, receiver or both, to not transmit for the duration of the main transmission.

In facsimile and television transmission, multipath causes jitter and ghosting, seen as a faded duplicate image to the right of the main image.

Its main task is the transmission of a stream of bits over a communication channel.

:: The type of network topology in which all of the nodes of the network are connected to a common transmission medium which has more than two endpoints that are created by adding branches to the main section of the transmission medium – the physical distributed bus topology functions in exactly the same fashion as the physical linear bus topology ( i. e., all nodes share a common transmission medium ).

There are two main categories of digital communication transmission methods: baseband and passband.

These can be simplified into 4 main processing stages: photoreception, transmission to bipolar cells, transmission to ganglion cells which also contain photoreceptors, the photosensitive ganglion cells, and transmission along the optic nerve.

Their main difference is the image quality, which is proportional to the time taken to transfer the image and in the case of the AVT modes, related to synchronous data transmission methods and noise resistance conferred by the use of interlace.