Lincoln was historian and economist enough to know that a substantial portion of this wealth had accumulated in the hands of the descendants of New Englanders engaged in the slave trade.

The government has undertaken regulatory reforms in some areas, including substantial opening of trade policy, but inefficient public administration in which commercial and regulatory interests are co-mingled limit the impact of these reforms.

Unlike precious metals such as gold or platinum, gem diamonds do not trade as a commodity: there is a substantial mark-up in the sale of diamonds, and there is not a very active market for resale of diamonds.

Although Djibouti runs a substantial surplus in its services balance, the surplus has been smaller than the deficit in the merchandise trade balance.

Remittances from Salvadorans working in the United States sent to family members are a major source of foreign income and offset the substantial trade deficit of around $ 2. 9 billion.

The large inflow of official assistance to FSM allows it to run a substantial trade deficit and to have a much lighter tax burden than other states in the region ( 11 % of GDP in FSM compared to 18 %- 25 % elsewhere ).

According to its preamble, its purpose is the " substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis.

The Agreement on Agriculture of the Uruguay Round continues to be the most substantial trade liberalization agreement in agricultural products in the history of trade negotiations.

However, the election of the Conservative Party led by Margaret Thatcher at the general election in May 1979, at the expense of Labour's James Callaghan, saw substantial trade union reform which saw the level of strikes fall, but also the level of trade union membership fall.

However in the 19th century the river supported a substantial commercial trade using shallow-draft paddle steamers, the first trips being made by two boats from South Australia on the spring flood of 1853.

Unlike the pre-civil war period when most services and the industrial sector were government-run, there has been substantial, albeit unmeasured, private investment in commercial activities ; this has been largely financed by the Somali diaspora, and includes trade and marketing, money transfer services, transportation, communications, fishery equipment, airlines, telecommunications, education, health, construction and hotels.

Inflation and unemployment are low ; the trade surplus is substantial ; and foreign reserves are the world's fourth largest.

Through the persuasion of Jeremiah Dummer, Yale, who had made a fortune through trade while living in India as a representative of the East India Company, donated nine bales of goods, which were sold for more than £ 560, a substantial sum at the time.

The global integration of economies effected by these agreements has resulted in a gradual shift of the composition of wealth among the elites in many large industrial states, from industrial activities, whose proceeds derived mostly from domestic sales, to financial activities, whose profits are stem from substantial investments in foreign trade, including developing markets.

Although officially the Hudson's Bay Company discouraged settlement because it interfered with their lucrative fur trade, their Chief Factor at Fort Vancouver, Dr. John McLoughlin, gave substantial help including employment until they could get established.

Romesh Chunder Dutt argued as early as 1900, and present-day scholars such as Amartya Sen agree, that some historic famines were a product of both uneven rainfall and British economic and administrative policies, which since 1857 had led to the seizure and conversion of local farmland to foreign-owned plantations, restrictions on internal trade, heavy taxation of Indian citizens to support British expeditions in Afghanistan ( see The Second Anglo-Afghan War ), inflationary measures that increased the price of food, and substantial exports of staple crops from India to Britain.

The medium-term outlook for exports is encouraging, since a number of foreign investment projects should lead to substantial export growth and a better trade balance.

Other teams offered substantial trade packages for the draft choice, but the Penguins kept the pick and drafted Lemieux first overall.

There is substantial inter-regional petrochemical trade.

A few Rhode Island families made substantial fortunes in the trade.

Rapidly growing private and commercial use of electricity ensured buoyant demand and the company expanded both at home and overseas, with the establishment of agencies in Europe, Japan, Australia, South Africa and India and a substantial export trade to South America

Hepburn and Gale's tannery ( disused as of early 2007 ) on Long Lane is also a substantial survivor of the leather trade.

Established after the May 13 racial riots of 1969, it sought to address the significant imbalance in the economic sphere where the minority Chinese population had substantial control over commercial activity in the country.

The second mechanism is a force imbalance at the calving front due to thinning causing a substantial non-linear response.

Change elements include: a lack ( privation ), which is overcome by its opposite ( form ), with both of them belonging to a subject ( or substrate: matter in substantial change ; substance in accidental change ) which persists through the change.

If a budget deficit persists for a substantial period of time, the monetary base will also increase, shifting the aggregate-demand curve to the right leading to a rise in the price level.

Adobe had been in use by indigenous peoples of the Americas in the Southwestern United States, Mesoamerica, and the Andean region of South America for several thousand years, although often substantial amounts of stone are used in the walls of Pueblo buildings.

This meant that although ROM applications ran at the same speed, there was a substantial speed decrease on applications running from RAM.

A substantial number of the tourists who visit the BVI are cruise ship passengers, although they produce far lower revenue per head than charter boat tourists and hotel based tourists.

The Books of the Bible are listed differently in the canons of Judaism and the Catholic, Protestant, Greek Orthodox, Slavonic Orthodox, Coptic, Georgian Orthodox, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac, Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox churches, although there is substantial overlap.

Serbia had gained substantial territory during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877 – 1878, while Greece acquired Thessaly in 1881 ( although it lost a small area back to the Ottoman Empire in 1897 ) and Bulgaria ( an autonomous principality since 1878 ) incorporated the formerly distinct province of Eastern Rumelia ( 1885 ).

In North America, the data suggest massive devastation and mass extinction of plants at the K – T boundary sections, although there were substantial megafloral changes before the boundary.

At the beginning of the 20th century all armies still maintained substantial cavalry forces, although there was contention over whether their role should revert to that of mounted infantry ( the historic dragoon function ).

A smaller-scale cavalry charge can be seen in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King ( 2003 ); although the finished scene has substantial computer-generated imagery, raw footage and reactions of the riders are shown in the Extended Version DVD Appendices.

A study in the Solomon Islands found that " although impregnated bed nets cannot entirely replace DDT spraying without substantial increase in incidence, their use permits reduced DDT spraying.

Due to the efficiency of the rythmo band, the number of retakes can be reduced, resulting in substantial savings in recording time ; although, the time saved in the studio requires a long preparatory process.

Various Honduran governments have done little to encourage oil exploration, although substantial oil deposits have long been suspected in the Río Sula valley and offshore along the Caribbean coast.

His best known and most substantial work is the 23 completed comic books in The Adventures of Tintin series, which he wrote and illustrated from 1929 until his death in 1983, although he was also responsible for other well-known comic book series such as Quick & Flupke ( 1930 – 1940 ) and Jo, Zette and Jocko ( 1936 – 1957 ).

Therefore, Bangladeshi society is to a great extent linguistically and culturally homogeneous, with very small populations of foreign expatriates and workers, although there is a substantial number of Bengali workers living abroad.

NOAD is based upon the New Oxford Dictionary of English ( NODE ), published in the United Kingdom in 1998, although with substantial editing, additional entries, and the inclusion of illustrations.

The Brazilian psychedelic rock group Os Mutantes formed in 1966, although little known outside Brazil at the time, have since accrued a substantial international cult following.

Essentially Singer claims that although humans possess selfish, competitive tendencies naturally, they have a substantial capacity for cooperation that has also been selected for during human evolution.

Generally the left wing is favored by the right-handed majority of writers because the feather curves away from the sight line, over the back of the hand, although because of the modern scarcity of substantial quills this is rarely a consideration as the curvature is not actually so pronounced as to cause any difficulty in the writing process.

After his death the Australian Taxation Office audited his estate, and although it made no finding of criminality, it determined that a substantial part of it came from undisclosed income derived from sources other than shares or gambling.

However propellant is seldom more than a few times more expensive than gasoline per kg ( as of 2009 gasoline is about $ 1 / kg or less ), and although substantial amounts are needed, for all but the very cheapest rockets it turns out that the propellant costs are usually comparatively small, although not completely negligible.

According to William A. Niskanen, one of the architects of Reaganomics, " Reagan delivered on each of his four major policy objectives, although not to the extent that he and his supporters had hoped ", and notes that the most substantial change was in the tax code, where the top marginal individual income tax rate fell from 70. 1 % to 28. 4 %, and there was a " major reversal in the tax treatment of business income ", with effect of " reducing the tax bias among types of investment but increasing the average effective tax rate on new investment ".

In 2002, however, British courts decided that the cause of Hosny's death had been a suicide, although substantial evidence suggested she had been murdered.

No country currently uses the gold standard as the basis of its monetary system, although several hold substantial gold reserves.

By the year 2000, some completely new bidding systems had evolved, including " Precision Club " and " 2 / 1 Game Forcing " which, although still relying on point-count rules for hand evaluation, are otherwise substantial departures from the early Goren system.

Some people have argued that communitarianism's focus on social cohesion raises similarities with nationalistic communism, or various forms of authoritarianism, although supporters contend that there are substantial differences between communitarianism and authoritarianism, and that communitarianism has very little in common with Communism, which they see as not really valuing individual liberty at all.