A recent systematic review suggested that physical therapy is effective, but there is only moderate evidence to support this conclusion.

A 1998 systematic review of studies assessing its prevalence in 13 countries concluded that about 31 % of cancer patients use some form of complementary and alternative medicine .< ref name = Ernst_Cassileth > Alternative medicine varies from country to country.

A systematic 2003 review of controlled clinical trials related to the Alexander Technique found two reputable studies suggesting the Alexander Technique is effective in reducing the disability of patients suffering from Parkinson ’ s disease and improving pain behaviour and disability in patients with back pain, and concluded that the evidence supporting the effectiveness of the Alexander Technique is encouraging but not convincing.

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials published in the Archives of General Psychiatry showed up to one-third of the six-week effect of SSRI treatment can be seen in the first week.

Nevertheless, a 2009 systematic review and meta-analysis of trials in people diagnosed with schizophrenia found that less than half ( 41 %) showed any therapeutic response to an antipsychotic, compared to 24 % on placebo, and that there was a decline in treatment response over time, and possibly a bias in which trial results were published.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

Guidelines issued by the UK-based National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ( NICE ), carried out a systematic review using different methodology and came to a different conclusion.

However, controversy exists as to tolerance to the anxiolytic effects with some evidence that benzodiazepines retain efficacy and opposing evidence from a systematic review of the literature that tolerance frequently occurs and some evidence that anxiety may worsen with long-term use.

A systematic review of CBT in depression and anxiety disorders concluded that " CBT delivered in primary care, especially including computer-or Internet-based self-help programs, is potentially more effective than usual care and could be delivered effectively by primary care therapists.

A systematic review found that the risk of death from manipulations to the neck outweighs the benefits.

“ Health effects of Relocation following disasters: a systematic review of literature ”.

Using techniques from science, engineering and statistics, such as the systematic review of medical literature, meta-analysis, risk-benefit analysis, and randomized controlled trials ( RCTs ), EBM aims for the ideal that healthcare professionals should make " conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence " in their everyday practice.

The systematic review of published research studies is a major method used for evaluating particular treatments.

A 2001 review of 160 Cochrane systematic reviews ( excluding complementary treatments ) in the 1998 database revealed that, according to two readers, 41. 3 % concluded positive or possibly positive effect, 20 % concluded evidence of no effect, 8. 1 % concluded net harmful effects, and 21. 3 % of the reviews concluded insufficient evidence.

The second area is the systematic review of medical literature to evaluate the best studies on specific topics.

For example, the strongest evidence for therapeutic interventions is provided by systematic review of randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trials with allocation concealment and complete follow-up involving a homogeneous patient population and medical condition.

It concludes from a systematic review of available research that,

*" A systematic review has found that hypnosis enhances the effects of cognitive behavioural therapy for conditions such as phobia, obesity, and anxiety.

According to a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, the best evidence in the treatment of LEMS exists for 3, 4-aminopyridine and IVIG.

A systematic review of the literature related to PID treatment was performed prior to the 2006 CDC sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines.

Consequently, a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration ( published in 2008 ) found insufficient evidence to recommend the use of silver-treated dressings to treat infected wounds.

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration found no studies of sufficient quality to make any statement on the efficacy of the vaccine.

In a systematic review including two prospective studies of 47, XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs and one retrospective study of 47, XYY men identified by screening men over 184 cm ( 6 ' 0 ") in height, forty-two 47, XYY boys and men had an average 99. 5 verbal IQ and 106. 4 performance IQ .< ref name =" Ratcliffe 1994 ">

In a recent systematic review of eight trials of day care for disadvantaged children under 5 years of age, long term follow up showed lower pregnancy rates among adolescents.

" In 2003, The UK ECT Review group published a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing ECT to placebo and antidepressant drugs.

A single study will typically not involve replications of the experiment, but separate studies may be aggregated through systematic review, such as meta-analysis.

Here it is convenient to follow the terminology used by the Cochrane Collaboration, and use " meta-analysis " to refer to statistical methods of combining evidence, leaving other aspects of ' research synthesis ' or ' evidence synthesis ', such as combining information from qualitative studies, for the more general context of systematic reviews.

In a 2005 meta-analysis and systematic review of six randomized controlled trials of osteopathic manipulative treatment ( OMT ) that involved blinded assessments of lower back pain in ambulatory settings, it was concluded that OMT significantly reduces low back pain, and that the level of pain reduction is greater than expected from placebo effects alone and persists for at least three months.

* In one systematic review and meta-analysis, multi-component interventions increased quit rates in primary care settings.

" A meta-analysis published in 2009, a Cochrane review published in 2010, and a 2011 systematic review found the evidence base for such interventions weak.

The widely varying nature of the resulting data makes useful systematic review and meta-analysis within the field very difficult.

* Literature review, systematic review and meta-analysis

conducted a meta-analysis, or systematic review, of all studies that compared health outcomes for similar conditions in Canada and the U. S., in Open Medicine, an open-access peer-reviewed Canadian medical journal.

A systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2007, which included 6 trials and a total of 574 patients, showed that operation time for PPPD was 72 minutes faster with 284ml less blood loss compared to SW. PPPD also required 0. 66 fewer units of blood transfusion.

Another systematic review and meta-analysis published in 2007 showed no statistically significant difference in morbidity, hospital mortality, or survival between PPPD or SW.

Regarding dopamine agonists as prophylaxis, a systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that prophylactic treatment with cabergoline reduces the incidence, but not the severity of OHSS, without compromising pregnancy outcomes.

: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 28 published studies by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, published in the journal AIDS in 2000, found that circumcised men are less than half as likely to be infected by HIV as uncircumcised men.

* A 2008 systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that disease management for COPD " modestly improved exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and hospital admissions, but not all-cause mortality ".

A 2009 systematic review and meta-analysis by Spreckley and Boyd of four 2000 – 2007 studies ( involving a total of 76 children ) came to different conclusions than the aforementioned reviews.

In the 13th century, Saint Thomas Aquinas provided the first systematic Christology that consistently resolved a number of the existing issues.

It involves the systematic investigation of existing social, ecological, and geological conditions and processes in the landscape, and the design of interventions that will produce the desired outcome.

The first systematic exposition of periodic economic crises, in opposition to the existing theory of economic equilibrium, was the 1819 Nouveaux Principes d ' économie politique by Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi.

* Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and / or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.

Since the existing air base infrastructure had to be demolished to make room for a new supporting infrastructure, it was important for the LRA to develop the base in systematic stages.

Based on a systematic review of existing data, the most cost-effective induction treatment in resource-limited settings appears to be one week of amphotericin B 1mg / kg / day coupled with high dose fluconazole 1200mg / day.

During his long tenure as regional, and then later, national chief of the Brazilian Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute ( Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional-IPHAN ), Lucio Costa pushed for systematic documentation of existing architectural and urbanistic heritage, although his critics allege that he let his personal preferences and political opinions interfere with the bases of his decisions.

The MS Society recognises the need for systematic reviews of existing pre-clinical research as well as clinical research, about which the charity SABRE Research UK raises awareness.

If the conflict persists and systematic " problem solving " by higher systems fails, the reorganization system may modify existing systems until they bypass the conflict or until they produce new reference signals ( goals ) that are not in conflict at lower levels.

Exit provides talented musicians with systematic support, using its existing logistics and promotional campaigns.

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act was first passed in 1988 in order to provide a systematic approach to assess and manage chemical substances in the environment that were not addressed under existing programs.