This helps to avoid false inferences of causality due to the presence of a third, underlying, variable that influences both the potentially causative variable and the potentially caused variable: its effect on the potentially caused variable is captured by directly including it in the regression, so that effect will not be picked up as an indirect effect through the potentially causative variable of interest.

Spurious correlation due to mutual influence from a third, common, causative variable, is harder to avoid: the model must be specified such that there is a theoretical reason to believe that no such underlying causative variable has been omitted from the model ; in particular, underlying time trends of both the dependent variable and the independent ( potentially causative ) variable must be controlled for by including time as another independent variable.

Since Orange is now the third participant in the MBNL 3G infrastructure company, it is highly likely that this roaming will be extended to 3G infrastructure and potentially a tripartite radio access network and infrastructure sharing among Orange, T-Mobile and 3, creating the biggest single 3G infrastructure in the UK.

As of June 2008, the district is moving forward with plans to repair two buildings and potentially demolish / rebuild the third provided approval is obtained from the Department of State Architecture.

Hacking suggests that this third part of the analysis, the " interaction " between a socially constructed category and the individuals that are actually or potentially included in that category, is present in many " social construction " analyses involving types of human beings.

In 2008 it was announced that the Bledisloe Cup would be contested over an unprecedented four matches, with three games played in Australia and New Zealand and a fourth and potentially deciding game in Hong Kong in an effort to promote the game in Asia ( the first time Australia and New Zealand played in a third country outside the World Cup ).

At long, the new " third parallel " will allow three independent approaches for arrivals even from the south, potentially increasing capacity by 33 percent.

Therefore, any ball pocketed prior to the scratch ( on the same turn ) remains in the pockets ; otherwise the potentially unaffected third player could be placed at a disadvantage no fault of his own.

This helps to avoid false inferences of causality due to the presence of a third, underlying, variable that influences both the potentially causative variable and the potentially caused variable: its effect on the potentially caused variable is captured by directly including it in the regression, so that effect will not be picked up as a spurious effect of the potentially causative variable of interest.

There is a third order effect potentially arising from the invasion by filamentous algae.

Defendants already convicted of two or more " strike " charges arising from one single case potentially years in the past, even if the defendant was a juvenile over 16 at the time, can be and have been charged and convicted with a third strike for any felony or any offense that could be charged as a felony ( including " felony petty theft " or possession of a controlled substance prior to Proposition 36 ( see below )) and given 25 years to life.

It was his third science fiction novel not to be based or set in The Culture, and the first not to be potentially in the same universe.

Notably the experience of torture applies not only to an accused but potentially to third parties such as witnesses, families, friends, associates, doctors, caregivers, police, and even victims.

Attention focused on preparing a third Expeditionary Force potentially for service against the Soviets.

The league added a third referee to its game crew after the season ; this referee would have trailed the play and could have called a foul when Washington grabbed Kunnert's shorts, thereby potentially stopping the play and preventing the melee that succeeded it.

A further approach potentially open to the government was to take the position that as a ' third party ', not heard by the Court, the ruling did not apply to them ( other sources countered this by pointing out that the FPIM-foundation had represented the government ).

According to media scholar, Henry Jenkins, fan films discussed represent a potentially important third space between the two.

If a project does not require approval under Part 3A or Part 4 it is then potentially captured by the third pathway, Part 5 dealing with environment impact assessment.

Individual differences in maturation and the development of readiness for learning to read indicate that not until the third grade have most children had ample opportunity to demonstrate their capacity for school achievement.

A third aspect, and probably the one open to most controversy, is the results of the election.

With eyes focused on the third congressional district, the historic Delta district, and Congressman Frank E. Smith as the one most likely to go, the redistricting battle will put to a test the longstanding power which lawmakers from the Delta have held in the Legislature.

To `` Monty '', the American people, who in two previous world wars were very reluctant to join the fight, `` now look like the nation most likely to lead us all into a third World War ''.

While not all Southerners saw themselves as fighting to preserve slavery, most of the officers and over a third of the rank and file in Lee's army had close family ties to slavery.

Argon is the third most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere, at 0. 93 % ( 9, 300 ppm ), making it approximately 23. 8 times as abundant as next most common atmospheric gas, carbon dioxide ( 390 ppm ), and more than 500 times as abundant as the next most common noble gas, neon ( 18 ppm ).

On the day that Agrippina married her uncle Claudius as her third husband / his fourth wife, she became an Empress and the most powerful woman in the Roman Empire.

With about 6 million native speakers in South Africa, or 13. 3 percent of the population, it is the third most spoken mother tongue in the country.

They also finished third in the Eredivisie that season, again qualifying for the UEFA Cup, after spending most of the season in the top two spots.

Australian football has attracted more overall interest among Australians ( as measured by the Sweeney Sports report ) than any other football code, and, when compared with all sports throughout the nation, has consistently ranked first in the winter reports, and most recently third behind cricket and swimming in summer.

Most of the population () speaks German ( 84. 5 %), with Italian being second most common ( 3. 3 %) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 2. 9 %).

Most of the population () speaks German ( 477, 093 or 87. 1 %) as their first language, Italian is the second most common ( 17, 847 or 3. 3 %) and Serbo-Croatian is the third ( 10, 645 or 1. 9 %).

The most generalized type was Coryphodon, representing the family Coryphodontidae, from the lower Eocene of Europe and North America, in which there were 44 teeth and no horn-like excrescences on the long skull, while the femur had a third trochanter.

Places significantly impacted by acid rain around the globe include most of Eastern Europe from Poland northward into Scandinavia, the eastern third of the United States, and south eastern Canada.

It may occur at any age but is most frequent in the third decade of life.

The version with Bardot was issued in 1986 and became a popular download hit in 2006 when Universal Records made its back catalogue available to purchase online, with this version of the song ranking as the third most popular download.

First basemen, with 34 winners, have won the most MVPs among infielders, followed by second basemen ( 16 ), third basemen ( 15 ), and shortstops ( 14 ).

Again according to convention he posted his most experienced legions on the flanks ( the first and the third legion on his left with Pompey himself commanding, the Syrian legions in the center with Scipio, the Cilician legion and the Spanish cohorts on the right with Afranius ), dispersing his new recruits along the center.

About a third of all reports of Bigfoot sightings are concentrated in the Pacific Northwest, with most of the remaining reports spread throughout the rest of North America .< ref name =" Car08_p118 ">< span id =" Car08 "></ span ></ ref > Some Bigfoot advocates, such as John Willison Green, have postulated that Bigfoot is a worldwide phenomenon.

As of 2009 the city was ranked Europe's third and one of the world's most successful as a city brand.

It is estimated that one third of the human food supply depends on insect pollination, most of which is accomplished by bees, especially the domesticated European honey bee.

The city is noted as one of the most politically liberal in the nation, with one study placing it as the third most liberal city in the United States.

He adds that this last has been controversial in that it has been claimed that this aspect of the doctrine is not found before the time of Augustine of Hippo, while others allege that it is implicit in the Church of the second and third centuries.

Georges Dumézil in his controversial trifunctional hypothesis proposed that ancient societies had three main classes each with distinct functions: the first judicial and priestly ; the second connected with the military and war, while the third class focussed on production, agriculture, craft and commerce.

With ' King Richard ' still holding court as coach in 1951, albeit now in a non-playing capacity, Essendon seemed on course for a third consecutive flag but a controversial four week suspension dished out to John Coleman on the eve of the finals effectively put paid to their chances.

The secessions in the first and third points were occasioned in part by factors including the UPCUSA's approval of abortion rights, its stands on world peace and concomitant suspicion of an aggressive U. S. foreign policy ( brought about by the trauma of the Vietnam War ), and its support of controversial social justice causes such as a well-publicized General Assembly contribution to the defense fund of imprisoned activist Angela Davis.

The match is remembered for England's only World Cup trophy, Geoff Hurst's hat-trick – the only one ever scored in a World Cup Final-and the controversial third goal awarded to England by referee Gottfried Dienst and linesman Tofik Bakhramov.

Senna joined Prost at McLaren in 1988 and the two had a series of controversial clashes, including a collision at the 1989 Japanese Grand Prix that gave Prost his third Drivers ' Championship.

Garfield defeated the front runner Ulysses S. Grant's controversial third term bid for the nomination.

Claiming that he had " nothing more to write about ," McGovern originally planned to leave after the second series, but was allowed to write the controversial rape storyline, " Men Should Weep ", when he agreed to contribute a three-part story to the third series.

This election was highly controversial: in a three-way Democratic Party primary Johnson faced a well-known former governor, Coke Stevenson, and a third candidate.

Goods with positive externalities include education ( believed to increase societal productivity and well-being ; but controversial, as these benefits are generally internalized, e. g., in the form of higher wages ), public health initiatives ( which may reduce the health risks and costs for third parties for such things as transmittable diseases ) and law enforcement.

Minis were initially placed first, second and third in the 1966 rally as well, but were disqualified after a controversial decision by the French judges.

Hull's goal at 14: 51 of the third overtime was remembered as one of the most controversial goals ever scored.

On December 17, 2005 he lost his title for the third time — in controversial fashion, — to Nikolai Valuev.

Ruiz defended the title twice: a controversial draw in a third match against Holyfield where the press believed Holyfield to have won, and a disqualification victory against Kirk Johnson where the Canadian contender was disqualified for repeated low blows in the tenth round.

In a controversial decision over what many considered a bungled trial ( Judge Walter Jay Skinner ruled that the jurors should answer questions that they and many others considered confusing ), Beatrice was acquitted and Grace only paid $ 8 million, a third of which went to the lawyers and lawyer fees.

He is perhaps best known for his controversial third fight with Benny Paret in 1962 for the welterweight world championship.

Sub-sects of Nichiren Buddhism include Nichiren-shu, Nichiren Shōshū and Sōka Gakkai, a controversial denomination whose political wing forms the conservative New Komeito Party, Japan's third largest political party.

Though Ellis made his debut at 21 with the controversial 1985 bestseller Less Than Zero, a zeitgeist novel about amoral young people in Los Angeles ; the work he is most known for is his third novel, 1991's American Psycho.

In 2007, the new Hampton Roads Transportation Authority ( HRTA ) was formed under a controversial state law to levy various additional taxes to generate funding for major regional transportation projects, including a long-sought and costly third crossing of the harbor of Hampton Roads.

The first two conditions have generally been the most challenged, while the third appears to be the least controversial.

54-55 Coroners and Justice Act 2009 also removed sexual infidelity as a qualifying form of provocation, but in a recent controversial decision by Lord Judge in R v Clinton 1 Cr App R 26 in the Court of Appeal, Lord Judge interpreted the new offence as allowing for sexual infidelity to count under the third prong of the new defence ( see Baker & Zhao 2012 ).

Hägglund has been criticized for not being controversial enough by MP Ebba Busch, and it has been suggested that around a third of the party's representatives would like him to resign.

A hasty vote again removed the controversial sentences in a third edition.

Kramer also notes that the film was the third part of a " trilogy of what have been called by some ' controversial pictures ,'" of which the first two were The Defiant Ones and On the Beach.