A measure of redundancy between two variables is the mutual information or a normalized variant.

A variant of redundancy theory is the disquotational theory, which uses a modified form of Tarski's schema: To say that "' P ' is true " is to say that P. Yet another version of deflationism is the prosentential theory of truth, first developed by Dorothy Grover, Joseph Camp, and Nuel Belnap as an elaboration of Ramsey's claims.

In 1930, England captain Douglas Jardine, together with Nottinghamshire's captain Arthur Carr and his bowlers Harold Larwood and Bill Voce, developed a variant of leg theory in which the bowlers bowled fast, short-pitched balls that would rise into the batsman's body, together with a heavily stacked ring of close fielders on the leg side.

One particular variant of Kaluza – Klein theory is space-time-matter theory or induced matter theory, chiefly promulgated by Paul Wesson and other members of the so-called Space-Time-Matter Consortium.

The English players and management were consistent in referring to their tactic as fast leg theory considering it to be a variant of the established and unobjectionable leg theory tactic.

# A variant of this second theory is based on the fact that the tombstone states that Omasa gave birth to Musashi on 4 March 1584, and died of it.

In the chaotic inflation theory, a variant of the cosmic inflation theory, the multiverse as a whole is stretching and will continue doing so forever, but some regions of space stop stretching and form distinct bubbles, like gas pockets in a loaf of rising bread.

David Armstrong, perhaps the most prominent contemporary realist, argues that such a trope-based variant of nominalism has promise, but holds that it is unable to account for the laws of nature in the way his theory of universals can.

A manuscript variant of a name in Pliny has abetted the Iceland theory: Nerigon instead of Berrice, which sounds like Norway.

In 1703 Georg Ernst Stahl, professor of medicine and chemistry at Halle, proposed a variant of the theory in which he renamed Becher's terra pinguis to phlogiston, and it was in this form that the theory probably had its greatest influence.

Church's type theory is a variant of the lambda calculus in which expressions ( also called formulas or λ-terms ) are classified into types, and the types of expressions restrict the ways in which they can be combined.

Thomas Huxley is sometimes misattributed with proposing a variant of the theory in his debates with Samuel Wilberforce.

A variant of Burkhard Heim ’ s theory by Walter Dröscher, Institut für Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft ( IGW ), Innsbruck, Austria, and Jocham Häuser, University of Applied Sciences and CLE GmbH, Salzgitter, Germany, predicted a repulsive force field of gravitophotons could be produced by a ring rotating above a very strong magnetic field.

In axiomatic set theory, the axiom of empty set is an axiom of Kripke – Platek set theory and the variant of general set theory that Burgess ( 2005 ) calls " ST ," and a demonstrable truth in Zermelo set theory and Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory, with or without the axiom of choice.

( There are two lesser orders, the stocky Tuscan order and the rich variant of Corinthian, the Composite order, added by 16th century Italian architectural theory and practice.

In the variant of German that is spoken in Germany, the words stehen ( to stand ) and gestehen ( to confess ) are identical in the present perfect: habe gestanden.

" Artiste " ( the French for artist ) is a variant used in English only in this context.

Strictly speaking, the AES standard is a variant of Rijndael where the block size is restricted to 128 bits.

AES is a variant of Rijndael which has a fixed block size of 128 bits, and a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits.

ΑΒΡΑΣΑΞ, which is far more common in the sources than the variant form Abraxas, ΑΒΡΑΞΑΣ ) was a word of mystic meaning in the system of the Gnostic Basilides, being there applied to the “ Great Archon ” ( Gk., megas archōn ), the princeps of the 365 spheres ( Gk., ouranoi ).

" The more accurate " amarant " is an archaic variant.

A variant of the Eastern Arabic numerals used in the Persian and Urdu languages is shown as East Arabic-Indic.

In linguistics, an allomorph is a variant form of a morpheme.

In other cases, the speaker is able to select freely from free variant allophones, based on personal habit or preference.

Because this protein gp120 is necessary for HIV to attach, it does not change across different strains and is a point of vulnerability across the entire range of the HIV variant population.

The word " allele " is a short form of allelomorph (' other form '), which was used in the early days of genetics to describe variant forms of a gene detected as different phenotypes.

A folkloric note about caña quemada: until June 21 it is traditional to drink caña quemada with ruda macho ( a variant of common rue ), it is supposed that this mixture prevents the flu and other illnesses.

This fish, especially the blind variant, is reasonably popular among.

Amok is also sometimes considered one of the subcategories of dissociative disorders ( cross-cultural variant ).

In Buddhism, a bodhisattva ( bodhisattva ; bodhisatta ) is either an enlightened ( bodhi ) existence ( sattva ) or an enlightenment-being or, given the variant Sanskrit spelling satva rather than sattva, " heroic-minded one ( satva ) for enlightenment ( bodhi ).

Kernighan is also known as a coiner of the expression " What You See Is All You Get ( WYSIAYG )", which is a sarcastic variant of the original " What You See Is What You Get " ( WYSIWYG ).

A variant of this sequence alignment is used in the sequencing process itself.

There is also a variant in Bolivia when it is played in a Chakana or Inca Cross grid, which adds more complications to the game.

A variant played in Poland allows a player to claim a region of several squares as soon as its boundary is completed.

A variant of the doubling cube " beaver " is the " raccoon.

A distinctive West Arabic variant of the symbols begins to emerge around the 10th century in the Maghreb and Al-Andalus, called ghubar (" sand-table " or " dust-table ") numerals, which are the direct ancestor of the modern Western Arabic numerals used throughout the world.

It was developed by Tony Brooker and Derrick Morris as a variant of the ALGOL programming language, removing some Algol features such as " passing parameters by name " ( which in Algol 60 means passing the address of a short subroutine to recalculate the parameter each time it was mentioned ).

Other important Beech planes are the King Air / Super King Air line of twin-engine turboprops, in production since 1964, the Baron, a twin-engine variant of the Bonanza, and the Beechcraft Model 18, originally a business transport and commuter airliner from the late 1930s through the 1960s, which remains in active service as a cargo transport.

Acey-deucey is a variant of backgammon in which players start with no checkers on the board, and must bear them on at the beginning of the game.

Hypergammon is a variant of backgammon in which players have only three checkers on the board, starting with one each on the 24 -, 23-and 22-points.

One source asserts that the term entered the language in 1827, adapted from an extinct Aboriginal language of New South Wales, Australia, but mentions a variant, wo-mur-rang, which it dates from 1798.

Bt corn is a variant of maize, genetically altered to express the bacterial Bt toxin, which is poisonous to insect pests.

There are two classes of high-performance algorithms for solving instances of SAT in practice: the conflict-driven clause learning algorithm, which can be viewed as a modern variant of the DPLL algorithm ( well known implementation include Chaff, GRASP ) and stochastic local search algorithms, such as WalkSAT.

Herodotus mentions for several events a date in the lunisolar calendar, of which each Greek city-state used a variant.

Contra dance ( also contradance, contra-dance and other variant spellings ) refers to several partnered folk dance styles in which couples dance in two facing lines.

The symbol of fire was a cue pointing towards transformation, the chemical variant being the symbol delta, which is also the classical symbol for fire.

" Advanced play " ( a variant of association play for expert players ) gives penalties to a player who runs certain hoops in a turn, to allow the opponent a chance of getting back into the game ; feats of skill such as triple peels or better, in which the partner ball ( or occasionally an opponent ball ) is caused to run a number of hoops in a turn by the striker's ball help avoid these penalties.

National conservatism is a political term used primarily in Europe to describe a variant of conservatism which concentrates more on national interests than standard conservatism as well as upholding cultural and ethnic identity, while not being outspokenly nationalist or supporting a far-right approach.

Researchers have also identified another genetic variant, HLA-A * 3101 which has been shown to be a strong predictor of both mild and severe adverse reactions to carbamazepine among Japanese and Europeans.

While not musically related, instruments of the Zink family ( which includes serpents ) are named " cornetto-" with a tonal or pitch related Latin word following the hyphen to describe the particular variant.

TFT-LCD is a variant of LCD which is now the dominant technology used for computer monitors.

Rogers, having relinquished his regular shield to Barnes, carried a variant of the energy shield which can be used with either arm, and used to either block attacks or as an improvised offensive weapon able to cut through metal with relative ease.

The term " democracy " is sometimes used as shorthand for liberal democracy, which is a variant of representative democracy that may include elements such as political pluralism ; equality before the law ; the right to petition elected officials for redress of grievances ; due process ; civil liberties ; human rights ; and elements of civil society outside the government.

* That an associated locant number represents the location of a covalent bond in an organic compound, the position of which is variant between isomeric forms