EPD and PPD work with AAL5 connections as they use the end of packet marker: the ATM User-to-ATM User ( AUU ) Indication bit in the Payload Type field of the header, which is set in the last cell of a SAR-SDU.

Both ATM and MPLS support tunneling of connections inside connections.

It quickly evolved mapping structures and concatenated payload containers to transport ATM connections.

In other words, for ATM ( and eventually other protocols such as Ethernet ), the internal complex structure previously used to transport circuit-oriented connections was removed and replaced with a large and concatenated frame ( such as STS-3c ) into which ATM cells, IP packets, or Ethernet frames are placed.

ATM, a particularly popular form of cell relay, is most commonly used for home DSL connections, which often runs between 128 kbit / s and 1. 544 Mbit / s ( DS1 ), and for high-speed backbone connections ( OC-3 and faster ).

* ATM provides both switched virtual connections and permanent virtual connections, as they are called in ATM terminology.

Sohonet has since moved away from ATM to using Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet and MPLS technologies, including the use of wavelength division multiplexing on backbone connections.

DSL modems provide Ethernet ( or Ethernet over USB ) connections to local equipment, but inside they are actually Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) modems.

While it has initially been used to manage only dial-up access, it is also used to manage broadband connections such as DSL, if Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet ( PPPoE ) or Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM ( PPPoA ) is used.

Finally, ATM connections at DS-3, OC-3, and OC-12 speeds are offered.

ATM uses a connection-oriented model in which a virtual circuit must be established between two endpoints before the actual data exchange begins.

At these lower speeds, ATM provides a useful ability to carry multiple logical circuits on a single physical or virtual medium, although other techniques exist, such as Multi-link PPP and Ethernet VLANs, which are optional in VDSL implementations.

ATM operates as a channel-based transport layer, using virtual circuits ( VCs ).

ATM can build virtual circuits and virtual paths either statically or dynamically.

Finally, ATM networks create and remove switched virtual circuits ( SVCs ) on demand when requested by an end piece of equipment.

In ATM this is called a virtual circuit ( VC ).

At the Data Link Layer, multicast describes one-to-many distribution such as Ethernet multicast addressing, Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ) point-to-multipoint virtual circuits ( P2MP ) or Infiniband multicast.

In many respects, LSPs are not different from permanent virtual circuits ( PVCs ) in ATM or Frame Relay networks, except that they are not dependent on a particular layer-2 technology.

MPLS LSPs provide dynamic, transparent virtual networks with support for traffic engineering, the ability to transport layer-3 ( IP ) VPNs with overlapping address spaces, and support for layer-2 pseudowires using Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge ( PWE3 ) that are capable of transporting a variety of transport payloads ( IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Frame Relay, etc .).

MPLS uses label stacking to accomplish this while ATM uses virtual paths.

The ATM virtual path indicator ( VPI ) and virtual circuit indicator ( VCI ) are both carried together in the cell header, limiting ATM to a single level of tunnelling.

* ATM switched virtual circuit networks

# REDIRECT Virtual circuit # Permanent and switched virtual circuits in ATM, frame relay, and X. 25

* Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), where the circuit is identified by a virtual path identifier ( VPI ) and virtual channel identifier ( VCI ) pair.

A virtual circuit identifier ( VCI ) is part of the 5-byte header on every ATM cell, so the transmitter can multiplex the active virtual circuits ( VCs ) in any arbitrary order.

The services include dark fiber, SONET, ATM, and Ethernet links as well as video circuits used by various Quebec television networks.

* ATM ( computer ), a ZX Spectrum clone, developed in Moscow in 1991

* ATM ( film ), a 2012 American film

ATM is a core protocol used over the SONET / SDH backbone of the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ) and Integrated Services Digital Network ( ISDN ), but its use is declining in favour of All IP.

On slower or congested links ( 622 Mbit / s and below ), ATM does make sense, and for this reason most asymmetric digital subscriber line ( ADSL ) systems use ATM as an intermediate layer between the physical link layer and a Layer 2 protocol like PPP or Ethernet.

The reference model given by the ITU-T and ATM Forum for UPC and NPC is the Generic Cell Rate Algorithm ( GCRA ), which is a version of the leaky bucket algorithm.

The primary benefit is to eliminate dependence on a particular OSI model data link layer technology, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), Frame Relay, Synchronous Optical Networking ( SONET ) or Ethernet, and eliminate the need for multiple layer-2 networks to satisfy different types of traffic.

Two encapsulated forms of PPP, Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet ( PPPoE ) and Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM ( PPPoA ), are used most commonly by Internet Service Providers ( ISPs ) to establish a Digital Subscriber Line ( DSL ) Internet service connection with customers.

An anti-tank missile ( ATM ), anti-tank guided missile ( ATGM ), anti-tank guided weapon ( ATGW ) or anti-armor guided weapon, is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily-armored military vehicles.

Frame Relay complements and provides a mid-range service between basic rate ISDN, which offers bandwidth at 128 kbit / s, and Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), which operates in somewhat similar fashion to Frame Relay but at speeds from 155. 520 Mbit / s to 622. 080 Mbit / s.

The designated technology for B-ISDN was Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), which was intended to carry both synchronous voice and asynchronous data services on the same transport.

* LINK ( UK ), an ATM ( cashpoint ) network in the United Kingdom

Some technologies used for this purpose are Asynchronous Transfer Mode ( ATM ), FDDI, and SMDS.

An automated teller machine or automatic teller machine ( ATM ) ( American, Australian and Indian English ), also known as an automated banking machine ( ABM ) in Canadian English, and a Cashpoint, cash machine or sometimes a hole in the wall in British English, is a computerized telecommunications device that provides the clients of a financial institution with access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a cashier, human clerk or bank teller.

If the currency being withdrawn from the ATM is different from that which the bank account is denominated in ( e. g.: Withdrawing Japanese Yen from a bank account containing US Dollars ), the money will be converted at an official wholesale exchange rate.

A postal interactive kiosk may also share many of the same components as an ATM ( including a vault ), but only dispenses items relating to postage.

A Teller Assist Unit may also share many of the same components as an ATM ( including a vault ), but they are distinct in that they are designed to be operated solely by trained personnel and not the general public, they do not integrate directly into interbank networks, and are usually controlled by a computer that is not directly integrated into the overall construction of the unit.

Nearly all convenience stores also have an automated teller machine ( ATM ), though other banking services are usually not available.