Once cytochrome c is released it binds with Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 ( Apaf-1 ) and ATP, which then bind to pro-caspase-9 to create a protein complex known as an apoptosome.

:* A Complex-U2 binds to the branch site and ATP is hydrolyzed ;

In the process, it binds four protons from the inner aqueous phase to make water, and in addition translocates four protons across the membrane, helping to establish a transmembrane difference of proton electrochemical potential that the ATP synthase then uses to synthesize ATP.

ATP binds to the cross bridges between myosin heads and actin filaments.

GroES is a single-ring heptamer that binds to GroEL in the presence of ATP or ADP.

* The pump, while binding ATP, binds 3 intracellular Na < sup >+</ sup > ions.

The Sec ( secretory ) pathway requires ATP as energy source and consists of SecA, which binds to the imported protein and a Sec membrane complex to shuttle the protein across.

As secretin binds to these receptors, it stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and converts ATP to cyclic AMP.

When ATP binds to the enzyme ’ s two allosteric sites, luciferase ’ s affinity to bind ATP in its active site increases.

ATP-bound actin then itself binds the barbed end, and the ATP is subsequently hydrolyzed.

Upon release, the free actin monomer slowly dissociates from ADP, which in turn rapidly binds to the free ATP diffusing in the cytosol, thereby forming the ATP-actin monomeric units needed for further barbed-end filament elongation.

# The polymerization cofactor profilin and the ATP · actin combine to form a profilin-ATP-actin complex that then binds to the end-tracking unit

The myosin head also binds to ATP, which is the source of energy for muscle movement.

The myosin remains attached to actin in a state known as rigor, until a new ATP binds the myosin head.

ATP binds to the myosin head and causes the ‘ ratchetting ’ that results in contraction according to the sliding filament model.

* N-terminal ATPase domain – binds ATP ( Adenosine triphosphate ) and hydrolyzes it to ADP ( Adenosine diphosphate ).

The allosteric site in the allosteric domain of the R chains of the ATCase complex binds to the nucleotides ATP, CTP and / or UTP.

ATP binds predominantly to the high-affinity sites and subsequently activates the enzyme, while UTP and CTP binding leads to inhibition of activity.

* The head domain binds the filamentous actin, and uses ATP hydrolysis to generate force and to " walk " along the filament towards the barbed (+) end ( with the exception of myosin VI, which moves towards the pointed (-) end ).

DnaA has a higher affinity for the R sites than I sites, and binds R sites equally well in its ATP or ADP-bound form.

The two regions are known as the N-and C-terminal domains, and the adenine ring of ATP binds in a hydrophobic pocket located at their interface.

It binds to the La homotetramer but does not interfere with the ATP binding site or the active site of La.

This process is not quite the opposite of glycolysis, and actually requires three times the amount of energy gained from glycolysis ( six molecules of ATP are used, compared to the two gained in glycolysis ).

Chloroplasts capture light energy, store it in the energy storage molecules ATP and NADPH and use it in the process called photosynthesis to make organic molecules and free oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ) and NADH ( reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ).

The oxygen then travels through the blood stream to be dropped off at cells where it is utilized as a terminal electron acceptor in the production of ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

The citric acid cycle oxidizes the acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide, and, in the process, produces reduced cofactors ( three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH < sub > 2 </ sub >) that are a source of electrons for the electron transport chain, and a molecule of GTP ( that is readily converted to an ATP ).

The process is coupled to the hydrolysis of 16 equivalents of ATP and is accompanied by the co-formation of one molecule of H < sub > 2 </ sub >.

The flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, from electron donors such as NADH to electron acceptors such as oxygen, is an exergonic process – it releases energy, whereas the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process, which requires an input of energy.

Both the electron transport chain and the ATP synthase are embedded in a membrane, and energy is transferred from electron transport chain to the ATP synthase by movements of protons across this membrane, in a process called chemiosmosis.

This is energetically unfavourable, and evidence suggests that the process requires ATP, GTP and acetyl-coA, fusion is also linked to budding, which is why the term budding and fusing arises.

In biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific substrates, a process referred to as phosphorylation.

ATP, the " high-energy " exchange medium in the cell, is synthesized in the mitochondrion by addition of a third phosphate group to ADP in a process referred to as oxidative phosphorylation.

The entire process is called oxidative phosphorylation, since ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using the energy of hydrogen oxidation in many steps.

If the process uses chemical energy, such as from adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), it is termed primary active transport.

This process consumes large amounts of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).

The creation of these wastes is usually an oxidation process involving a release of chemical free energy, some of which is lost as heat, but the rest of which is used to drive the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ).

In 1924, Warburg hypothesized that cancer, malignant growth, and tumor growth are caused by tumor cells mainly generating energy ( as e. g. adenosine triphosphate / ATP ) by nonoxidative breakdown of glucose ( a process called glycolysis ) and the subsequent recycling of the metabolite NADH back to its oxidized form, for reuse in the glycolytic cycle to complete the process ( known as fermentation, or anaerobic respiration ).

The process is highly endergonic until ATP or GTP are utilized, effectively making the process exergonic.

* When the body has ample carbohydrates available as energy source, glucose is completely oxidized to CO < sub > 2 </ sub >; acetyl-CoA is formed as an intermediate in this process, first entering the citric acid cycle followed by complete conversion of its chemical energy to ATP in oxidative phosporylation.

* ATP Champions Race: ATP point ranking system that starts at the beginning of the year and by the end of the year mirrors the ATP entry system ranking.