In other words, the electrons flow from the anode into, for example, an electrical circuit.

* In a cathode ray tube, it is the positive terminal where electrons flow out of the device, i. e., where positive electric current flows in.

The flow of electrons is always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode, with the exception of diodes, where electrode naming always assumes current in the forward direction ( that of the arrow symbol ), i. e., electrons flow in the opposite direction, even when the diode reverse-conducts either by accident ( breakdown of a normal diode ) or by design ( breakdown of a Zener diode, photo-current of a photodiode or solar cell ).

At the anode, anions ( negative ions ) are forced by the electrical potential to react chemically and give off electrons ( oxidation ) which then flow up and into the driving circuit.

In a battery or galvanic cell, the anode is the negative electrode from which electrons flow out towards the external part of the circuit.

It also accelerates the flow of these electrons.

Thus the electrons stay paired together and resist all kicks, and the electron flow as a whole ( the current through the superconductor ) will not experience resistance.

The human caused occurrences of electric current includes the flow of conduction electrons in metal wires, such as the overhead power lines that deliver electrical energy across long distances and the smaller wires within electrical and electronic equipment.

In electronics, other forms of electric current include the flow of electrons through resistors or through the vacuum in a vacuum tube, the flow of ions inside a battery or a neuron, and the flow of holes within a semiconductor.

Therefore the electrons flow into the polarized electrical device and out of, for example, the connected electrical circuit.

* In vacuum tubes ( including cathode ray tubes ) it is the negative terminal where electrons flow in from the wiring and through the tube's near vacuum, constituting a positive current flowing out of the device.

The flow of electrons is almost always from anode to cathode outside of the cell or device, regardless of the cell or device type and operating mode.

The cathode supplies electrons to the positively charged cations which flow to it from the electrolyte ( even if the cell is galvanic, i. e., when the cathode is positive and therefore would be expected to repel the positively charged cations ; this is due to electrode potential relative to the electrolyte solution being different for the anode and cathode metal / electrolyte systems in a galvanic cell ).

The cathodic current, in electrochemistry, is the flow of electrons from the cathode interface to a species in solution.

The anodic current is the flow of electrons into the anode from a species in solution.

When P and N-doped layers are placed in contact, diffusion ensures that electrons flow from high to low density areas: That is, from the N to the P side.

The source of Einstein's proposal that light was composed of particles ( or could act as particles in some circumstances ) was an experimental anomaly not explained by the wave theory was the photoelectric effect, by which light striking a metal surface ejected electrons from the surface, causing an electric current to flow across an applied voltage.

Vacuum tubes use the flow of electrons to manipulate electrical signals, and they played a critical role in the development of electronics technology.

Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions ( charged atoms ) flow through liquids.

If notched for the battens, they would require more work, be weakened and limber holes would have to be bored so that bilge water could flow through.

The original electrocardiograph primarily indicates irregularities in the heartbeat, but today's techniques allow exact measurements of the flow of blood through the aorta, dimensioning of the heart and its chambers, and a much more detailed study of each heartbeat.

It was with the assistance of one of the members of this expedition, Lauritz Esmarch, that Oersted succeeded in producing light by creating an electric discharge in mercury vapor through which an electric current was made to flow.

The gas flow through a plasma generator will modify these conditions ; ;

Argon was also blown at low velocities ( mass flow rate Af ) through a tube coaxial with the cathode as an additional precaution against contamination of the arc by air.

The argon flow through the porous anode was varied systematically between Af and Af.

The practical definition may lead to confusion with the definition of a coulomb ( i. e., 1 amp-second ), but in practical terms this means that measures of a constant current ( e. g., the nominal flow of charge per second through a simple circuit ) will be defined in amperes ( e. g., " a 20 mA circuit ") and the flow of charge through a circuit over a period of time will be defined in coulombs ( e. g., " a variable-current circuit that flows a total of 10 coulombs over 5 seconds ").

Minsky's machine proceeds sequentially through its five ( or six depending on how one counts ) instructions unless either a conditional IF – THEN GOTO or an unconditional GOTO changes program flow out of sequence.

A few larger rivers, those cutting back through the Pontic Alps, have tributaries that flow in broad, elevated basins.

When a positive voltage is applied to anode of the diode from the circuit, more holes are able to be transferred to the depleted region, and this causes the diode to become conductive, allowing current to flow through the circuit.

Internal aerodynamics is the study of flow through passages in solid objects.

For flow through a tube with one inlet ( state 1 ) and exit ( state 2 ) as shown in the figure in this section, the continuity equation may be written and solved as:

Therefore, since sound is in fact an infinitesimal pressure difference propagating through a fluid, the speed of sound in that fluid can be considered the fastest speed that " information " can travel in the flow.

The resultant sign, audible via stethoscope, is a rhythmic, whooshing sound caused by excessively rapid blood flow through the arteries and veins.

The Baltic Sea flows out through the Danish straits ; however, the flow is complex.

Dr Parsons quoted as: " The channel complex and the density flow provide the ideal natural laboratory for investigating and detailing the structure of the flow field through the channel.

By controlling information flow through biochemical signalling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life.

Whole blood ( plasma and cells ) exhibits non-Newtonian fluid dynamics ; its flow properties are adapted to flow effectively through tiny capillary blood vessels with less resistance than plasma by itself.

The direction of electric current is, by convention, opposite to the direction of electron flow.

In a semiconductor it is sometimes useful to think of the current as due to the flow of positive " holes " ( the mobile positive charge carriers that are places where the semiconductor crystal is missing a valence electron ).

The electron s, the charge carrier s in an electrical circuit, flow in the opposite direction of the conventional electric current.

Direct current may flow in a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams.

The direction of electric current is, by convention, opposite to the direction of electron flow.

At the opposite extreme, if one looks at the microscopic situation, one sees there are many ways of carrying an electric current, including: a flow of electrons ; a flow of electron " holes " that act like positive particles ; and both negative and positive particles ( ions or other charged particles ) flowing in opposite directions in an electrolytic solution or a plasma ).

The FET controls the flow of electrons ( or electron holes ) from the source to drain by affecting the size and shape of a " conductive channel " created and influenced by voltage ( or lack of voltage ) applied across the gate and source terminals.

Electrolytes and plasmas contain ions and will act as conductors whether or not electron flow is involved.

This electron is passed to a modified form of chlorophyll called pheophytin, which passes the electron to a quinone molecule, allowing the start of a flow of electrons down an electron transport chain that leads to the ultimate reduction of NADP to NADPH.

The overall equation for the light-dependent reactions under the conditions of non-cyclic electron flow in green plants is:

In a direct bandgap material, recombination of these electron-hole pairs will result in cathodoluminescence ; if the sample contains an internal electric field, such as is present at a p-n junction, the SEM beam injection of carriers will cause electron beam induced current ( EBIC ) to flow.

Phototubes and photomultipliers rely on electron flow through a vacuum, though in those cases electron emission from the cathode depends on energy from photons rather than thermionic emission.

As opposed to the case in conventional electronic components, where electrons can be filled in or drawn out more or less like a continuous flow of charge, the transfer of a single electron alters the system significantly.

The Earth's magnetic field acts on these electrons to change the direction of electron flow to a right angle to the geomagnetic field.

This interaction of the Earth's magnetic field and the downward electron flow produces a very large, but very brief, electromagnetic pulse over the affected area.

* Tunnel junction is characterized by low transmission in all transport channels, therefore the electron flow is Poissonian, and the Fano factor equals one.