Charlemagne spent most winters between 792 and his death in 814 in Aachen, which became the focus of his court and the political centre of his empire.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

In 1372, Aachen became the first coin-minting city in the world to regularly place an Anno Domini date on a general circulation coin, a groschen.

Imperial strongholds ( Kaiserpfalzen ) became economic and cultural centres, of which Aachen was the most famous.

In 936, Otto I the Great was crowned as king at Aachen ; his coronation as emperor by the Pope at Rome in 962 inaugurated what became later known as the Holy Roman Empire, which became to be identified with Germany.

1251 / 53, Rheinfelden – 23 December 1304, Munich ), married 1273 in Aachen to Louis II, Duke of Bavaria and became mother of Rudolf I, Count Palatine of the Rhine and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

In 2000 Noyori became Honorary Doctor at the University of Rennes 1 where he taught in 1995, and in 2005, he became Honorary Doctor at Technical University of Munich and RWTH Aachen University, Germany.

Aachen first became a curative centre in Hallstatt times.

Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle or Albert of Aachen ( floruit circa AD 1100 ), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon and custos of the church of Aachen.

Increasingly, the count palatine of Lotharingia, whose office had been attached to the royal palace at Aachen from the 10th century onward, became the real successor to the Carolingian count palatine.

Automatically the municipal hospitals in Aachen became university hospitals, but soon it was realised that they were too small.

It commemorates Charlemagne, ruler of the Frankish Empire and founder of what became the Holy Roman Empire, who resided and is buried at Aachen.

His military campaigns against Charles the Simple to regain the Duchy of Lorraine with the Imperial city of Aachen were failures, Archbishop Ratbod of Trier even became West Frankish chancellor in 913.

After World War II Alemannia Aachen played in the Oberliga West, and the stadium became too small.

In 1870 Helmert became instructor and in 1872 professor at RWTH Aachen, the new Technical University in Aachen.

Through improved financial management, shrewd player signings, and clever game tactics, Aachen became a power once again in the 2003 – 04 season.

He subsequently became a teacher in Aachen and in 1869, he was in charge of teacher training at the teacher's academy at Boppard.

It became an important centre of brass production when Protestant brass producers resettled to Stolberg from Aachen around 1600 to escape religious persecution and economic restrictions.

Aachen (, also known as Bad Aachen ) is a spa town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

As a spa city, Aachen could use the title Bad Aachen, but as the town then would not appear in first place on alphabetically ordered lists, it declined to do so.

Towards the end of 1847 he suffered health problems and went to Recoaro spa in northern Italy, then Grafenberg and finally Aachen before resigning from the Austrian army in June 1848 after charges against him relating to debts and absence without leave were dropped.

Perhaps, not able to attend properly to his medical duties through ill health-he visited the spa town of Bad Aachen in 1817-Wiedemann changed employment ( to Pharmacology ) and had several semi-honorary positions.

During the Middle Ages, Aachen remained a city of regional importance, due to its proximity to Flanders, achieving a modest position in the trade in woollen cloths, favoured by imperial privilege.

Traces of this hidden agenda of the city's history is found in the 18th century guidebooks to Aachen as well as to the other spas ; the main indication for visiting patients, ironically, was syphilis ; only by the end of the 19th century had rheuma become the most important object of cures at Aachen and Burtscheid.

The city and its fortified sourroundings were encircled 13 September – 16 October 1944 by the US 1st Infantry Division and 3rd Armored Division in conjunction with the US 2nd Armored Division and 30th Infantry Division during the prolonged Battle of Aachen, later reinforced by US 28th Infantry Division elements.

Aachen was the first German city to be captured by the Allies.

Inside you can find five frescoes by the Aachen artist Alfre Rethel which show legendary scenes from the life of Charlemagne, as well as Charlemagne's signature.

* Aachen-emotion. com – photos, interviews, stories, audio files and video clips featuring Aachen – presented by Aachen City Council.

* The Spirit of Aachen – documentary film by SportsQuest International

Around 1439, Gutenberg was involved in a financial misadventure making polished metal mirrors ( which were believed to capture holy light from religious relics ) for sale to pilgrims to Aachen: in 1439 the city was planning to exhibit its collection of relics from Emperor Charlemagne but the event was delayed by one year due to a severe flood and the capital already spent could not be repaid.

Allegory or The Triumph of Justice by Hans von Aachen

In 1954, he received the Karlspreis ( English: Charlemagne Award ), an Award by the German city of Aachen to people who contributed to the European idea, European cooperation and European peace.

Hurrying to Aachen, he crowned himself and was proclaimed by the nobles with shouts of Vivat Imperator Ludovicus.

* Lothair was proclaimed and crowned co-emperor in Aachen by his father.

He was taken to Aachen by Louis, who there had him tried and condemned to death for treason.

The birth of this son damaged the Partition of Aachen, as Louis's attempts to provide for his fourth son met with stiff resistance from his older sons, and the last two decades of his reign were marked by civil war.

Although Bismarck hoped to become a diplomat, he started his practical training as a lawyer in Aachen and Potsdam, and soon resigned, having first placed his career in jeopardy by taking unauthorized leave to pursue two English girls, first Laura Russell, niece of the Duke of Cleveland, and then Isabella Loraine-Smith, daughter of a wealthy clergyman.

Otto took control of Aachen, the place of coronation, and was crowned by Adolf, Archbishop of Cologne, on July 12, 1198.

Led by Rudolph Hermann who arrived in April 1937 from the University of Aachen, the number of technical staff members reached two hundred in 1943, and it also included Hermann Kurzweg of the ( University of Leipzig ) and Walter Haeussermann.

David worked for The New Yorker as a general reporter and war correspondent before he was killed by a landmine near Aachen, Germany in October 1944, less than one month after his arrival to the European Theater of war.

The plan was an ideal of what a well-designed and well-supplied monastery should have, as envisioned by one of the synods held at Aachen for the reform of monasticism in the Frankish empire during the early years of emperor Louis the Pious ( between 814 and 817 ).