Commonly used terms to describe the three separate but related groups are Abstract expressionism, Post-Painterly Abstraction, and Lyrical Abstraction.

Abstraction is a process by which higher concepts are derived from the usage and classification of literal (" real " or " concrete ") concepts, first principles, or other methods.

Abstraction tries to reduce and factor out details so that the programmer can focus on a few concepts at a time.

By the late 1960s however, Postminimalism, Process Art and Arte Povera also emerged as revolutionary concepts and movements that encompassed both painting and sculpture, via Lyrical Abstraction and the Postminimalist movement, and in early Conceptual Art.

Sociological Abstraction refers to the varying levels at which theoretical concepts can be understood.

Helion, however, clung to the belief that `` in escaping from the Stalag I had also escaped from Abstraction ''.

** RTAS ( Run-Time Abstraction Services ), used in computers from IBM

His collection of American art was strong in Abstract expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Neo-Dada, Color Field, Lyrical Abstraction, and Neo-Expressionism and he often donated important works from his collection to institutions like MoMA, and other important private museums and University collections like the Norton Simon Museum, the Sheldon Museum of Art and the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University among many others.

He pursued his own interests in the art world, ranging from automatic drawing and surrealism, to expressionism, Lyrical Abstraction, and Color Field painting.

The open mouth image appeared first in his Abstraction from the Human Form, in Fragment of a Crucifixion, and other works including his famous Head series.

In Spring 2011, Francis M. Naumann Fine Art showed an exhibition, Inhabiting Abstraction, including important examples from every significant phase and development in the realm of abstraction that Crotti explored, as well as one-of-a-kind works such as " Parterre de reve " ( 1920 ), in which he framed his painting palette and then signed it.

Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art.

Greenberg saw Bush's post-Painters Eleven work as a clear manifestation of the shift from abstract expressionism to Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction, a shift he had called for in most of his critical writings of the period.

Greenberg coined the term Post-Painterly Abstraction to distinguish it from Abstract Expressionism, or Painterly Abstraction, as Greenberg preferred to call it.

On the other hand, for spatial and quality bitstream scalability ( i. e. the presence of a sub-bitstream with lower spatial resolution / quality than the main bitstream ), the NAL ( Network Abstraction Layer ) is removed from the bitstream when deriving the sub-bitstream.

The trend away from painting in the late 20th century has been countered by various movements, for example the continuation of Minimal Art, Lyrical Abstraction, Pop Art, Op Art, New Realism, Photorealism, Neo Geo, Neo-expressionism, and Stuckism and various other important and influential painterly directions.

Californian art from the 1950s through the 1970s is a particular strength, with artwork by Sam Francis, Richard Diebenkorn, Ronald Davis, Larry Bell, Edward Ruscha, Kenneth Price, Charles Arnoldi, and Ed Moses, Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction are represented by Ronald Davis, Sam Francis, Kenneth Noland, Ronnie Landfield, Frank Stella, Helen Frankenthaler, and Kenneth Showell.

Abstraction is an ongoing process in mathematics and the historical development of many mathematical topics exhibits a progression from the concrete to the abstract.

With encouragement from Greenberg, Bush became closely tied to two movements that grew out of the efforts of the abstract expressionists: Color Field Painting and Lyrical Abstraction.

Abstraction is the thought process in which ideas are distanced from objects.

Abstraction of water from the underlying chalk aquifer reduces river flows and lowers the river's ability to tolerate drought.

His essays written together with his wife on the history of art Forradalom a művészetben: Absztrakció és szürrealizmus Magyarországon ( 1947, Revolution in Art: Abstraction and Surrealism in Hungary ) survey Hungarian art from Károly Ferenczy, Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka and Lajos Gulácsy up to the activity of the “ European School ”.

* Abstraction layer, a way of hiding the implementation details of a particular set of functionality

She did not go so far as to say, as was done on other occasions, that Abstraction as well as Impressionism were a Russian invention that had been discarded as unwanted by the people of the U.S.S.R.

Abstraction is frequently applied in linguistics so as to allow phenomena of language to be analyzed at the desired level of detail.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

* Abstraction inversion: Not exposing implemented functionality required by users, so that they re-implement it using higher level functions

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalising it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

Wallis and Nelson ( 2001 ) first introduced what they called the 3A perspective: Annotation, Abstraction and Analysis.

While living in Paris, the two founded an artistic alternative to Abstraction and Surrealism, which they dubbed Artificialism.

The Physics Abstraction Layer provides support for COLLADA Physics to multiple physics engines that do not natively provide COLLADA support including JigLib, OpenTissue, Tokamak physics engine and True Axis.

This gave her an opportunity to ring down the curtain with the petulant admonition that we should not presume to lecture her on Abstraction.

Other architectures based on Hardware Abstraction Layer or exokernels could move the drivers out of the microkernel.

Machan has developed Rand's contextual conception of human knowledge ( while also drawing on the insights of J. L. Austin and Gilbert Harman ) in works such as Objectivity ( 2004 ), and David Kelley has explicated Rand's epistemological ideas in works such as The Evidence of the Senses ( 1986 ) and A Theory of Abstraction ( 2001 ).

Among the dominant trends in the Post-Painterly Abstraction are Hard-Edged Painters such as Ellsworth Kelly and Frank Stella who explored relationships between tightly ruled shapes and edges, in Stella's case, between the shapes depicted on the surface and the literal shape of the support and Color-Field Painters such as Helen Frankenthaler and Morris Louis, who stained first Magna then water-based acrylic paints into unprimed canvas, exploring tactile and optical aspects of large, vivid fields of pure, open color.

* Processor Abstraction Layer, a CPU firmware on at least IA-64 platform

# Abstraction attempts to prove properties on a system by first simplifying it.

* Rollinger, R. D. Meinong and Husserl on Abstraction and Universals.

He became an enthusiastic advocate of this style and wrote many works according to its principles, among them Transformation ( 1957, for jazz ensemble ), Concertino ( 1959, for jazz quartet and orchestra ; one of its movements, Progression in Tempo, has sometimes been performed separately ), Abstraction ( 1959, for nine instruments ), the opera The Visitation ( 1966 ), and Variants on a Theme of Thelonious Monk ( 1960, for 13 instruments ), which was recorded by Ornette Coleman, Eric Dolphy, and Bill Evans.

ARS based programming is built on three principles: Abstraction, Reference and Synthesis.

Others are formed based only on the interests of students in a specific field, including Abstraction ( computer science ), the Calvin Student Nursing Association, Calvin Business Forum, Calvin Entrepreneurship Club, Econ Club, Organization of Student Social Workers, Pre-Dental Club, Pre-Medical Club, Pre-Veterinary Medicine Society, Society for the Promotion of Education ( SPEC ), SPQR: The Classics Club, and the Philosophy Symposium.

* ( 2010 ) Yam With Babe on Transmit Acoustique Abstraction 1 / 2

Poons, Christensen, Davis, Landfield, Seery, Lipsky, Zox and several others created paintings that bridge Color Field painting with Lyrical Abstraction and underscore a re-emphasis on landscape, gesture and touch.

His most recent scholarly article is " Rand Versus Hayek on Abstraction ," in the Fall 2011 issue of Reason Papers -- a " descriptive and explanatory " account of the similarities and differences between Rand's and Friedrich Hayek's views on cognition and mind.

* " Rand Versus Hayek on Abstraction " ( full text, in Reason Papers: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Normative Studies, vol.

The most important influences on his thought were Bergson and, later, Wilhelm Worringer ( 1881 – 1965 ), German art historian and critic ; and in particular his Abstraktion und Einfühlung ( Abstraction and Empathy, 1908 ).

* OPAL-the Open Physics Abstraction Layer, originally built on top of ODE

), Idealization XI: Historical Studies on Abstraction, Poznań Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Vol.

), Idealization XI: Historical Studies on Abstraction, Atlanta-Amsterdam: Rodopi 2004, pp. 59 – 110.