Abstraction is a process by which higher concepts are derived from the usage and classification of literal (" real " or " concrete ") concepts, first principles, or other methods.

Abstraction is frequently applied in linguistics so as to allow phenomena of language to be analyzed at the desired level of detail.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalizing it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

Abstraction is one of Jung's 57 definitions in Chapter XI of Psychological Types.

Abstraction is used to allow for vague answers to questions ( for example, answering " maybe " to a yes / no question ); this simplifies the problems making them amenable to automatic solutions.

Abstraction of computing processes is used in both the computer science and computer engineering disciplines and usually assumes discrete time paradigm.

Post-Painterly Abstraction is generally seen as continuing the Modernist dialectic of self-criticism.

On the other hand, for spatial and quality bitstream scalability ( i. e. the presence of a sub-bitstream with lower spatial resolution / quality than the main bitstream ), the NAL ( Network Abstraction Layer ) is removed from the bitstream when deriving the sub-bitstream.

His work is related to Tachisme, Abstract expressionism, and Lyrical Abstraction.

The Hard-edge painting style is related to Geometric abstraction, Op Art, Post-painterly Abstraction, and Color Field painting.

Californian art from the 1950s through the 1970s is a particular strength, with artwork by Sam Francis, Richard Diebenkorn, Ronald Davis, Larry Bell, Edward Ruscha, Kenneth Price, Charles Arnoldi, and Ed Moses, Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction are represented by Ronald Davis, Sam Francis, Kenneth Noland, Ronnie Landfield, Frank Stella, Helen Frankenthaler, and Kenneth Showell.

Abstraction is contrasted with concretism.

* Abstraction is a luxury that has been left to the present day to exploit.

* Abstraction is the way to the heart — it is not the heart itself.

ARS based programming is built on three principles: Abstraction, Reference and Synthesis.

* The first part of the name refers to the core of the language, which is nothing else but A ++, i. e. Abstraction + Reference + Synthesis.

Included with the eCos distribution is RedBoot, an open source application that uses the eCos Hardware Abstraction Layer to provide bootstrap firmware for embedded systems.

Abstraction in mathematics is the process of extracting the underlying essence of a mathematical concept, removing any dependence on real world objects with which it might originally have been connected, and generalising it so that it has wider applications or matching among other abstract descriptions of equivalent phenomena.

Although the term Color Field is associated with Clement Greenberg, Greenberg actually preferred to use the term Post-Painterly Abstraction.

Color Field painting is related to Post-painterly abstraction, Suprematism, Abstract Expressionism, Hard-edge painting and Lyrical Abstraction.

Another name for Tachism is Abstraction lyrique ( related to American Lyrical Abstraction ).

Abstraction is the thought process in which ideas are distanced from objects.

* Abstraction in mathematics

In Spring 2011, Francis M. Naumann Fine Art showed an exhibition, Inhabiting Abstraction, including important examples from every significant phase and development in the realm of abstraction that Crotti explored, as well as one-of-a-kind works such as " Parterre de reve " ( 1920 ), in which he framed his painting palette and then signed it.

His collection of American art was strong in Abstract expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Neo-Dada, Color Field, Lyrical Abstraction, and Neo-Expressionism and he often donated important works from his collection to institutions like MoMA, and other important private museums and University collections like the Norton Simon Museum, the Sheldon Museum of Art and the Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University among many others.

** A Network Abstraction Layer ( NAL ) definition allowing the same video syntax to be used in many network environments.

He became an enthusiastic advocate of this style and wrote many works according to its principles, among them Transformation ( 1957, for jazz ensemble ), Concertino ( 1959, for jazz quartet and orchestra ; one of its movements, Progression in Tempo, has sometimes been performed separately ), Abstraction ( 1959, for nine instruments ), the opera The Visitation ( 1966 ), and Variants on a Theme of Thelonious Monk ( 1960, for 13 instruments ), which was recorded by Ornette Coleman, Eric Dolphy, and Bill Evans.

Hartung's freewheeling abstract paintings set influential precedents for many younger American painters of the sixties, making him an important forerunner of American Lyrical Abstraction of the 1960s and 1970s.

Nine other noteworthy topics that Godfrey wrote about in the Quodlibetal are Subject of metaphysics, Division of being, Analogy of being, Transcendentals, Essence and existence, Knowledge of God ’ s existence and essence, eternity of the world, Substance and accidents, and Abstraction

Helion, however, clung to the belief that `` in escaping from the Stalag I had also escaped from Abstraction ''.

Abstraction allows program designers to separate categories and concepts from instances of implementation, so that they do not depend on software or hardware.

** RTAS ( Run-Time Abstraction Services ), used in computers from IBM

He pursued his own interests in the art world, ranging from automatic drawing and surrealism, to expressionism, Lyrical Abstraction, and Color Field painting.

The open mouth image appeared first in his Abstraction from the Human Form, in Fragment of a Crucifixion, and other works including his famous Head series.

Abstraction indicates a departure from reality in depiction of imagery in art.

Greenberg saw Bush's post-Painters Eleven work as a clear manifestation of the shift from abstract expressionism to Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction, a shift he had called for in most of his critical writings of the period.

Greenberg coined the term Post-Painterly Abstraction to distinguish it from Abstract Expressionism, or Painterly Abstraction, as Greenberg preferred to call it.

The trend away from painting in the late 20th century has been countered by various movements, for example the continuation of Minimal Art, Lyrical Abstraction, Pop Art, Op Art, New Realism, Photorealism, Neo Geo, Neo-expressionism, and Stuckism and various other important and influential painterly directions.

With encouragement from Greenberg, Bush became closely tied to two movements that grew out of the efforts of the abstract expressionists: Color Field Painting and Lyrical Abstraction.

Abstraction of water from the underlying chalk aquifer reduces river flows and lowers the river's ability to tolerate drought.

His essays written together with his wife on the history of art Forradalom a művészetben: Absztrakció és szürrealizmus Magyarországon ( 1947, Revolution in Art: Abstraction and Surrealism in Hungary ) survey Hungarian art from Károly Ferenczy, Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka and Lajos Gulácsy up to the activity of the “ European School ”.