According to chemistry historian Henry Leicester, the influential 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Reactions by Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall led to the replacement of the term " affinity " by the term " free energy " in much of the English-speaking world.

According to First Facts, it states that the " gas mask resembling the modern type was patented by Lewis Phectic Haslett of Louisville, Kentucky who received a patent on June 12, 1849.

According to historian Bernard Lewis, Islamism, ( or as he terms it " activist " Islam ), along with " quietism ," form two " particular ... political traditions " in Islam.

According to the counterpart theory of David Lewis, the objects should be regarded as similar rather than identical.

According to MacDonald, while it is possible to leave hell and enter heaven, doing so implies turning away ( repentance ); or as depicted by Lewis, embracing ultimate and unceasing joy itself.

According to historian and Herald for Wales, Major Francis Jones, 1908 – 1993, the introduction of the recipe can be attributed to Captain Henry Lewis Edwardes 1788 – 1866.

According to a famous 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances by the American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis and the American physical chemist Merle Randall, the natural sciences contain three great branches:

According to the Honorable Lawrence Lewis of Colorado at a Tribute for Putnam in 1939, Putnam at this time “ modernized antiquated methods, revised the charging records of books on loan, inaugurated a new system of cataloging and classification, opened the alcoves to readers, insisted that ‘ there are two great problems of library management – one to get the books for the readers, the other to get the readers to the books .’”

According to his letter from Fredericktown, Ohio on April 15, 1803, Lewis purchased the soup from Francois Baillet, a cook in Philadelphia.

According to Bernard Lewis, " The Arab historians, if they mention this engagement Battle of Tours at all, present it as a minor skirmish ," and Gustave von Grunebaum writes: " This setback may have been important from the European point of view, but for Muslims at the time, who saw no master plan imperilled thereby, it had no further significance.

According to Lewis ( 1918 ), the " principle of these diagrams is that classes set ( mathematics ) | set s be represented by regions in such relation to one another that all the possible logical relations of these classes can be indicated in the same diagram.

According to art historian Michael J. Lewis, Chagall was considered to be " the last survivor of the first generation of European modernists ".

According to Lewis, " he euphoric paintings of this time, which show the young couple floating balloon-like over Vitebsk — its wooden buildings faceted in the Delaunay manner — are the most lighthearted of his career ".

According to AdventureStats, Jason Lewis completed the first true human-powered circumnavigation of the globe while National Geographic lists Colin Angus as being the first to complete a global circumnavigation.

According to Huey Lewis and the News, this was especially damaging to them since " Ghostbusters " was so popular, rising to number one on the charts for three weeks.

According to Sergeant Frank Lewis, leader of the demolitions squad, " He screwed up somewhere along the line.

According to Lewis A. McArthur, Malin was settled 30 September 1909 on land that was formerly at the bottom of Tule Lake by 65 Bohemian families who named the new town for their former home.

According to a plaque at Samuel S. Lewis State Park, which overlooks Wrightsville and the Susquehanna River, Wrightsville was George Washington's first choice as location of the capital of the United States.

According to Sullivan's co-producer Marlo Lewis, the rumor had it that " Elvis has been hanging a small soft-drink bottle from his groin underneath his pants, and when he wiggles his leg it looks as though his pecker reaches down to his knee!

According to David Levering Lewis, the battle took place on 19 July 711.

According to Bernard Lewis, the coverage given to Jews is relatively insignificant.

According to Bernard Lewis and other scholars, the earliest verses of the Quran were largely sympathetic to Jews.

According to Bernard Lewis, there is nothing in Muslim theology ( with a single exception ) that can be considered refutations of Judaism or ferocious anti-Jewish diatribes.

According to Lewis, since the clash of Judaism and Islam was resolved and ended during Muhammad's lifetime with Muslim victory, no Muslim equivalent of the still unresolved theological dispute between Church and Israel fueled antisemitism.

According to Roy Gutman, after the failed counter-coup, this " opened a profound and long-lasting schism " among the Islamist and Islamic movement.

According to scholars, dhimmis had their rights fully protected in their communities, but as citizens in the Islamic state, had certain restrictions.

According to Islamic thought, this comes naturally because faith is an instinct of the human soul.

According to the traditional Islamic view, the Qur ' an ( Koran ) began with revelations to Muhammad ( when he was 40 years old ) in 610.

According to legend, the monastery of San Juan de la Peña, located at the south-west of Jaca, in the province of Huesca, Spain, protected the chalice of the Last Supper from the Islamic invaders of the Iberian Peninsula.

* According to Islamic inheritance jurisprudence, sons inherit twice as much as daughters.

According to Islamic tradition, during the reign of Isa ( the Qur ' anic name for Jesus ) people will live an extremely peaceful life filled with prosperity and abundance.

According to the principal editor of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: " Although a number of major Islamic poets easily rival the likes of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton in importance and output, they still enjoy only a marginal literary fame in the West because the works of Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered as negligible, frivolous, tawdry sideshows beside the grand narrative of the Western Canon.

According to Islamic tradition, Moses is buried at Maqam El-Nabi Musa, Jericho.

According to the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence, the individual who built the mosque has a stronger claim to the title of imam, but this view is not shared by the other schools.

According to the Hanafi and Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence, appointment of a prayer leader for Friday service is mandatory because otherwise the prayer is invalid.

According to Islamic tradition, the history of Mecca goes back to Abraham ( Ibrahim ) who built the Kaaba with the help of his elder son Ishmael in around 2000 BCE when the inhabitants of what was then known as Bakkah had fallen away from the original monotheism of Abraham through the influence of the Amelkites.

According to Islamic philosophy of war, the areas under Islamic rule were to be abodes of peace and the other areas abodes of war.

According to the Islamic jurist Al-Ghazali ( Algazel, 1058 – 1111 ), the government was also expected to store up food supplies in every region in case a disaster or famine occurred.

According to Islamic history, the Israelites, after the time of the prophet Moses, wanted a king to rule over their country.

According to Islamic tradition, Isa's descent will be in the midst of wars fought by the Mahdi ( lit.

According to Islamic texts, the prophet Ibrahim ( Abraham ) was thrown into the fire here.

According to Islamic tradition, Muhammad is said to have invoked Allah by a number of Names.

* According to Islamic belief, the archangel Gabriel first appears to Muhammad, reciting to him the first verses of surat Iqra ( al -` Alaq ), thus beginning the revelation of the Qur ' an ( approximate date ).

According to Persian tradition, as reported by 11th-century ethnographer Mahmud of Kashgar and various other traditional Islamic scholars and historians, the name " Turk " stems from Tur, one of the sons of Japheth ( see Turan ).

According to the famous Islamic legal scholar Ibn Qayyim ( 1292 – 1350 ), non-Muslims had the right to engage in such religious practices even if it offended Muslims, under the conditions that such cases not be presented to Islamic Sharia courts and that these religious minorities believed that the practice in question is permissible according to their religion.

By rapping in their native language, Islamic Force connected directly with Turkey as a country as well as their cultural background while simultaneously merging a global genre ( hip hop ) with a local culture ( Turkish traditions ) According to Diessel, “ The synthesis of Turkish musical idioms and language with hip hop was successful in appealing to a young audience.

According to one theory, increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, as Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades which began in 1096 and the Islamic presence in Spain brought the knowledge of pointed arches to Medieval Europe.