" According to Anders Hansson, by the Ming and Qing dynasties, " upward mobility into the elite was theoretically possible for virtually all male commoners.

According to statute, Qing society was divided into relatively closed estates, of which in most general terms there were five.

According to this view, the people indigenous to Taiwan and those who have taken up residence there have been repeatedly occupied by groups including the Dutch, the Spanish, the Ming, Koxinga and the Ming loyalists, the Qing, the Japanese and finally the Chinese Nationalists led by the Kuomintang.

According to records from Japanese documents, Mao Changxi ( 毛昶熙 ) and Dong Xun ( 董恂 ), the Qing ministers at Zongli Yamen ( 總理衙門 ) who handled the complaints from Japanese envoy Yanagihara Sakimitsu ( 柳原前光 ) replied first that they had heard only of a massacre of Ryūkyūans, not of Japanese, and quickly noted that Ryūkyū was under Chinese suzerainty, therefore this issue was not Japan's business.

According to History of the Ming, her family name is Zhu, while the History of the Qing say it is Wei ( 魏 ).

According to Wei Yuan's work Military history of the Qing Dynasty (), the Later Jin sent 400 troops to Sakhalin in 1616, after a newfound interest because of northern Japanese contacts with the area, but later withdrew as it was considered there was no threat from the island.

According to Du Xiuxian, her photographer, Jiang Qing remarked that she knew people within the Central Committee were plotting against her.

According to Zhang Yaoci, who carried out the arrest, Jiang Qing did not say much when she was arrested.

According to Qing Dynasty's official historical record, the Researches on Manchu Origins, the ethnic name came from Mañjuśrī.

According to George Yeo, the Foreign Minister of Singapore, in those days the Blue Sky with a White Sun flag was sewn in the Sun Yat Sen Villa or Wan Qing Yuan in Singapore by Teo Eng Hock and his wife.

According to a just-so story, this gesture recreates a tale of Imperial obeisance and can be traced to the Qianlong Emperor, a Qing Dynasty emperor who used to travel incognito.

According to notes by the Qing Dynasty painter Luo Ping: " Yellow Emperor ordered his men to have Chi You beheaded ... seeing that Chi You's head was separated from his body, later sages had his image engraved on sacrificial vessels as a warning to those that would covet power and wealth.

According to official histories from the Qing era, Nurhaci, a military leader of the Jurchen tribes in northeast China and founder of what became the Chinese imperial Qing Dynasty, renamed his tribe after Mañjuśrī.

According to statements by Qing imperial official Li Hongzhang in a meeting with Ulysses S. Grant, China had a special relationship with the island and the Ryūkyū had paid tribute to China for hundreds of years, and the Chinese reserved certain trade rights for them in an amicable and beneficial relationship.

According to the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689, the Sino-Russian border was the Stanovoy Mountains and the Argun River, establishing Outer Manchuria as a part of Qing Dynasty China.

According to an article of Telegraph newspaper on November 9, 2010, Dai Qing confirmed that she will attend the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony in December on behalf of Liu Xiaobo, who is currently serving an eleven-year prison sentence since 2009 for " inciting subversion ".

According to George Yeo, the Foreign Minister of Singapore, in those days the 青天白日滿地紅 flag was sewn in the Sun Yat Sen Villa or Wan Qing Yuan ( 晚晴园 ) in Singapore by Teo Eng Hock and his wife.

According to Giuseppe Tucci, by the time of the Qing Dynasty, " a new Tibetan art was then developed, which in a certain sense was a provincial echo of the Chinese 18th century's smooth ornate preciosity.

According to folk stories, stinky tofu was invented by a person named Wong Zi Wo ( 王致和 ) in the Qing dynasty.

According to Giuseppe Tucci, by the time of the Qing Dynasty, " a new Tibetan art was then developed, which in a certain sense was a provincial echo of the Chinese 18th century's smooth ornate preciosity.

According to Puyi, Wenxiu demonstrated great courage and willpower during the proceedings, as her wish was greatly disapproved of Following the divorce, Puyi, urged by former Qing officials, stripped Wenxiu of her imperial titles.

According to the treaty, it ended Joseon's status as a tributary state of Qing dynasty and opened three ports to Japanese trade.

According to historical materials, from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong years, Xiao had huge wave of millions people moved to Sichuan.

According to 20th-century scholar Walther Ludwig, the poems were spuriously inserted into an early biography of Plato sometime between 250 BC and 100 BC and adopted by later writers from this source.

According to 2000 publishings by scholar Manuel Pedro Ferreira the models for the Cantigas might actually be something different than a traditional French rondeau.

According to Manuel Pedro Ferreira, a scholar on the Cantigas, the music found in the Cantigas cannot be classified as Arabic, but instead must be classified as " Moorish-Andalusian ".

According to Cordwainer Smith scholar Alan C. Elms, this speculation first reached print in Brian Aldiss's 1973 history of science fiction, Billion Year Spree ; Aldiss, in turn, claimed to have gotten the information from Leon Stover.

According to the 4th century Latin writer Servius, a fourth set of Etruscan books existed, dealing with animal gods, but it is unlikely that any scholar living in the 4th century could have read Etruscan.

According to New Testament scholar Daniel Wallace, the theme may be stated pragmatically as “ Christians, get along with each other!

According to Jesuit scholar Joseph Fitzmyer, the book, " overwhelms the reader by the density and sublimity of the topic with which it deals, the gospel of the justification and salvation of Jew and Greek alike by the grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ, revealing the uprightness and love of God the father.

According to the sixth century Byzantine scholar Zosimus, " Honorius wrote letters to the cities in Britain, bidding them to guard themselves.

According to scholar Ronald Cameron, it was originally composed some time between the middle of the 1st century and early in the 2nd century, and it was probably written shortly before the Gospel of John.

According to one scholar, John portrays Jesus Christ as " a brief manifestation of the eternal Word, whose immortal spirit remains ever-present with the believing Christian.

According to the modern scholar Pat Southern, however, some historians now see him in a more positive light.

According to Melville scholar Elizabeth Renker " a sea change in the reception of the poems is incipient.

According to the records of the Order, the manuscripts were passed from Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie, a Masonic scholar, to Rev.

According to Martin Noth, a scholar of the Hebrew Bible, the narratives of Isaac date back to an older cultural stage than that of the West-Jordanian Jacob.

According to scholar Alan Dundes, who wrote extensively on the topic, the custom originated among Romani Gypsies in Wales ( Welsh Kale Gypsies ) and England ( English Romanichal Gypsies ).

According to scholar Oskar Skarsaune, Justin relies on two main sources for his proofs from prophecy that probably circulated as collections of scriptural testimonies within his Christian school.

According to scholar James Butrica, lesbianism " challenged not only the Roman male's view of himself as the exclusive giver of sexual pleasure but also the most basic foundations of Rome's male-dominated culture ".

According to the United States scholar Nicholas Eberstadt and demographer Judith Banister, vital statistics and personal information on residents are kept by agencies on the ri, or ni (,: village, the local administrative unit ) level in rural areas and the dong (,: district or block ) level in urban areas.

According to one Korean American scholar who visited North Korea in the early 1980s, the country has no birth control policies ; parents are encouraged to have as many as six children.

* According to Nepali scholar Rishikesh Shaha, the ancient chronicles report that a sage ( muni ) named Ne became the protector ( pāla ) of this land and the founder of its first ruling dynasty.

According to the bhikkhu ( monk ) and scholar Walpola Rahula, the divisions of the noble eightfold path " are to be developed more or less simultaneously, as far as possible according to the capacity of each individual.

According to international scholar Thorwald Lorenzen, the first Easter led to a shift in emphasis from faith " in God " to faith " in Christ.

According to A. Zahoor, in the 11th century, the Persian polymath scholar Abu Rayhan Biruni described the Milky Way galaxy as a multitude of fragments having the properties of nebulous stars, and also gave the latitudes of various stars during a lunar eclipse in 1019.

According to medieval scholar Richard Zeikowitz, the Green Knight represents a threat to homosocial friendship in his medieval world.

According to Hamid S. Hosseini, the power of supply and demand was understood to some extent by several early Muslim scholars, such as fourteenth-century Mamluk scholar Ibn Taymiyyah, who wrote: