According to Christopher Tolkien, its name means " golden circle " and refers to the culumalda trees that surrounded it .</ div >

According to the 2007 book The History of the Hobbit, Tolkien was now influenced by his own selective reading of medieval texts regarding the Jewish people and their history.

According to Tolkien, the " real ' historical plural of dwarf is dwarrows or dwerrows.

According to Tolkien, he sired the rest of his race, or at least the brood of Urulóki, wingless fire-breathing dragons.

According to Appendix D to The Lord of the Rings written by Tolkien, this calendar has arranged the year neatly in 12 months of 30 days each.

According to Christopher Tolkien, it is no longer possible to trace the exact date of composition.

According to Humphrey Carpenter, " Those friends who knew Ronald and Edith Tolkien over the years never doubted that there was deep affection between them.

According to Christopher Tolkien, the author based this picture on a painting by Archibald Thorburn of an immature Golden Eagle, which Christopher found for him in The Birds of the British Isles by Thomas Coward.

According to notes made by Tolkien after the publication of Lord of the Rings and found in Unfinished Tales, Oropher, the Sindarin king of the Silvan Elves of Mirkwood, or Greenwood the Great as it was then known, raised a large force as part of the Last Alliance to overthrow Sauron.

According to Christopher Tolkien, had his father continued The Notion Club Papers, he would have linked the real world of Alwin Lowdham with his eponymous ancestor Ælfwine of England ( who compiled the Lost Tales ) and with Atlantis.

According to popular legend J. R. R Tolkien was influenced heavily by the clock-tower in his design of the stone tower Orthanc from the The Lord of the Rings.

According to Tolkien, consonants were considered more salient than vowels, and vowels were considered merely modifiers.

According to Christopher Tolkien, despite J. R. R.

According to Tolkien, he had set it in the inhabited lands of geographically north-west Europe.

According to Christopher Tolkien, the essay's germ was a letter by a certain Paul Bibire to Tolkien on June 16, 1969 inquiring whether the river Glanduin is the same as that of the Swanfleet.

According to chemistry historian Henry Leicester, the influential 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Reactions by Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall led to the replacement of the term " affinity " by the term " free energy " in much of the English-speaking world.

According to First Facts, it states that the " gas mask resembling the modern type was patented by Lewis Phectic Haslett of Louisville, Kentucky who received a patent on June 12, 1849.

According to historian Bernard Lewis, Islamism, ( or as he terms it " activist " Islam ), along with " quietism ," form two " particular ... political traditions " in Islam.

According to the counterpart theory of David Lewis, the objects should be regarded as similar rather than identical.

According to MacDonald, while it is possible to leave hell and enter heaven, doing so implies turning away ( repentance ); or as depicted by Lewis, embracing ultimate and unceasing joy itself.

According to historian and Herald for Wales, Major Francis Jones, 1908 – 1993, the introduction of the recipe can be attributed to Captain Henry Lewis Edwardes 1788 – 1866.

According to a famous 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances by the American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis and the American physical chemist Merle Randall, the natural sciences contain three great branches:

According to the Honorable Lawrence Lewis of Colorado at a Tribute for Putnam in 1939, Putnam at this time “ modernized antiquated methods, revised the charging records of books on loan, inaugurated a new system of cataloging and classification, opened the alcoves to readers, insisted that ‘ there are two great problems of library management – one to get the books for the readers, the other to get the readers to the books .’”

According to his letter from Fredericktown, Ohio on April 15, 1803, Lewis purchased the soup from Francois Baillet, a cook in Philadelphia.

According to Bernard Lewis, " The Arab historians, if they mention this engagement Battle of Tours at all, present it as a minor skirmish ," and Gustave von Grunebaum writes: " This setback may have been important from the European point of view, but for Muslims at the time, who saw no master plan imperilled thereby, it had no further significance.

According to Lewis ( 1918 ), the " principle of these diagrams is that classes set ( mathematics ) | set s be represented by regions in such relation to one another that all the possible logical relations of these classes can be indicated in the same diagram.

According to art historian Michael J. Lewis, Chagall was considered to be " the last survivor of the first generation of European modernists ".

According to Lewis, " he euphoric paintings of this time, which show the young couple floating balloon-like over Vitebsk — its wooden buildings faceted in the Delaunay manner — are the most lighthearted of his career ".

According to AdventureStats, Jason Lewis completed the first true human-powered circumnavigation of the globe while National Geographic lists Colin Angus as being the first to complete a global circumnavigation.

According to Huey Lewis and the News, this was especially damaging to them since " Ghostbusters " was so popular, rising to number one on the charts for three weeks.

According to Sergeant Frank Lewis, leader of the demolitions squad, " He screwed up somewhere along the line.

According to Lewis A. McArthur, Malin was settled 30 September 1909 on land that was formerly at the bottom of Tule Lake by 65 Bohemian families who named the new town for their former home.

According to a plaque at Samuel S. Lewis State Park, which overlooks Wrightsville and the Susquehanna River, Wrightsville was George Washington's first choice as location of the capital of the United States.

According to Sullivan's co-producer Marlo Lewis, the rumor had it that " Elvis has been hanging a small soft-drink bottle from his groin underneath his pants, and when he wiggles his leg it looks as though his pecker reaches down to his knee!

According to David Levering Lewis, the battle took place on 19 July 711.

According to Bernard Lewis, the coverage given to Jews is relatively insignificant.

According to Bernard Lewis and other scholars, the earliest verses of the Quran were largely sympathetic to Jews.

According to Bernard Lewis, there is nothing in Muslim theology ( with a single exception ) that can be considered refutations of Judaism or ferocious anti-Jewish diatribes.

According to Lewis, since the clash of Judaism and Islam was resolved and ended during Muhammad's lifetime with Muslim victory, no Muslim equivalent of the still unresolved theological dispute between Church and Israel fueled antisemitism.

According to Lewis, " This, in Islamic view, is their just punishment for their past rebelliousness, and is manifested in their present impotence between the mighty powers of Christendom and Islam.

According to the film, lack of respect, egotism and hostility towards fellow skateboarders is generally frowned upon, albeit each of the characters ( and as such, proxies of the " stereotypical " skateboarder ) have a firm disrespect for authority and for rules in general.

According to former CIA Near East Division Chief James Chritchfield, after al-Bakr and Saddam seized power in 1968, " America slowly developed, not a hostility, but enormous reservations about the ability of the Ba ' ath to constructively bring Iraq along.

According to these writers, this was marked by the emergence of a subculture of effeminate males and their meeting places ( molly houses ), as well as a marked increase in hostility towards effeminate and / or homosexual males.

According to Thomas Trautman's account, " James Mill's highly influential History of British India ( 1817 )-most particularly the long essay ' Of the Hindus ' comprising ten chapters – is the single most important source of British Indophobia and hostility to Orientalism ".

According to al-Husseini's account, it was an amicable meeting in which Mussolini expressed his hostility to the Jews and Zionism.

According to a study conducted by Peter J. Moor, flaming is defined as displaying hostility by insulting, swearing or using otherwise offensive language.

According to C. Howard Wheeldon, who was present at the meeting where Powell gave the speech, " it is fascinating to note what little hostility emerged from the audience.

According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ), hate groups ' " primary purpose is to promote animosity, hostility, and malice against persons belonging to a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity / national origin which differs from that of the members of the organization.

According to a recent article by Kerry Robinson parents have no problem loving their children but in cases of gender nonconformity, when a child exhibits gender performances that are atypical of their prescribed gender role that a parental figure may respond with hostility.

According to Lee, his status as a successful African-American artist has led to hostility and unfair treatment: " Don't hold me to a higher moral standard than the rest of my filmmaking colleagues ... Now that young black filmmakers have arisen in the film industry, all of a sudden stereotypes are a big issue ...

According to a biographical essay published by the Revue des Deux Mondes in 1833, Sébastiani faced almost universal hostility from the anti-French diplomatic corps — whose opinions were influenced by the Russian Andrey Italinski and the British Charles Arbuthnot.

According to sociologist Pilarzyk the youth culture response — mainly from decidedly leftist political ideologies — was somewhat ambiguous, combining indifference with some instances of overt hostility.

John Bright, speaking on the second reading ( 13 March 1866 ), ascribed Mr. Lowe's hostility to Horsman's influence, and depicted Horsman retiring ‘ into what may be called his political cave of Adullam, to which he invited every one who was in distress, and every one who was discontented .’ According to Bright Horsman's party, to which Bright's sobriquet of the " cave " has since adhered, consisted only of himself and Mr. Lowe, but thirty-three liberal members voted against the second reading of the bill upon which the ministry was afterwards defeated in committee ( 18 June ).

According to the same programme, in early 2001 at a meeting with police, Habib was described as showing " signs of hostility towards government organisations and the community generally ".

According to the historian S. R. Goyal, the decline of Buddhism in India is the result of the hostility of the Hindu priestly caste of Brahmans.

According to research by Redford Williams of Duke University, the hostility component of Type A personality is the only significant risk factor.

According to Vittorio Messori, a major source of hostility towards Opus Dei is the application of political categories to a religious phenomenon such as Opus Dei.