According to him, aphobia supersedes the individual's instinctive fear for selfish survival and well-being, when more evolutionarily important subjects than that individual's own life are in danger.

According to Stephen Metcalf, Nozick expresses serious misgivings about capitalist libertarianism, going so far as to reject much of the foundations of the theory on the grounds that personal freedom can sometimes only be fully actualized via a collectivist politics and that wealth is at times justly redistributed via taxation to protect the freedom of the many from the potential tyranny of an overly selfish and powerful few.

According to Peace Magazine author / editor Metta Spencer, the program " punished the other player for selfish behaviour and rewarded her for cooperative behaviour — but the punishment lasted only as long as the selfish behaviour lasted.

According to Travis Hirschi, humans are selfish beings, we all make decisions based on which choice will give us the greatest benefit to our needs or wants.

According to Peter Smith, some followers of the new faith " openly broke with Islamic practice, either to ' gratify their selfish desires ' ( Nabil 298 ), or as a deliberate act to proclaim the new day.

According to this research, genetic markers commonly found in modern humans worldwide suggest that today many people carry a gene that evolved as protection against the brain diseases that can be spread by consuming human brain tissue.

According to a study by Menna Jones, " gene flow appears extensive up to ", meaning a high assignment rate to source or close neighbour populations " in agreement with movement data.

According to one study, the hippocampal reelin expression rapidly goes up when there is need to store a memory, as demethylases open up the RELN gene.

According to the university administration, the most remarkable recent research achievements have been in the fields of molecular and cell biology, gene technology, immunology, pharmacology, laser medicine, materials science, laser spectroscopy, biochemistry, environmental technology, computational linguistics, psychology, and semiotics.

According to this principle, the frequencies of alleles ( variations in a gene ) will remain constant in the absence of selection, mutation, migration and genetic drift.

According to the Mexican Genome Project, the overall gene pool of the Mexican population was calculated to be 65 percent indigenous and 35 percent non-indigenous ( mostly European ).

According to a study of nyala in South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi and Zimbabwe, a great difference was marked among the gene frequencies at three microsatellite loci.

According to the Bureau of Land Management, the objectives of the RNA program are "( 1 ) To preserve examples of all significant natural ecosystems for comparison with those influenced by man ; ( 2 ) to provide educational and research areas for ecological and environmental studies ; and ( 3 ) to preserve gene pools of typical and endangered plants and animals.

According to a study led by Florida State University criminologist Kevin M. Beaver, adolescent males who possess a certain type of variation in a specific gene are more likely to flock to delinquent peers.

According to neutral theory of molecular evolution: " at the molecular level most evolutionary change is caused by random drift of gene mutants that are equivalent in the face of selection.

According to research at Rockefeller University, the gene for dynorphin is present in two versions: a “ high output ” and a “ low output ” functional variation.

According to Dawkins, genes cause phenotypes and a gene is ' judged ' by its phenotypic effects.

According to this hypothesis, the God gene ( VMAT2 ) is a physiological arrangement that produces the sensations associated, by some, with mystic experiences, including the presence of God or others, or more specifically spirituality as a state of mind ( i. e. it does not encode or cause belief in God itself in spite of the " God gene " moniker ).

According to Silver, the main differences between reprogenetics and eugenics, the belief in the possibility of improving the gene pool which in the first half of the 20th century became infamous for the brutal policies it inspired, is that most eugenics programs were compulsory programs imposed upon citizens by governments trying to enact an ultimate goal.

According to Silver, this assumption has no basis in reality, since the concept of a gene pool was invented as a tool for developing mathematical models by biologists who study populations of animals or plants.

According to the Filarial Genome Project being done by The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases ( TDR ), the Brugia malayi MIF gene is expressed in all life-cycle stages of the parasite, and results suggest that B. malayi MIF may interact with the human immune system during the course of infection by altering the function of macrophages in the infected individual.

According to the analysis by HapMap project, the rs671 allele of the ALDH2 gene responsible for the flush reaction is rare among Europeans and Africans, and it is very rare among Mexican-Americans.

According to Ridley, an individual encounters two problems when attempting to assess the gene quality of another individual.

According to him, Wanderers may have created this gene storage 45, 000 years ago to preserve human species in case of a catastrophe that would wipe out the whole race.

According to the theory proposed, this is a consequence of the severe condition of perceived threat that persists unabated for the anxious child in an ambiguous sort of school environment.

According to the theory underlying odd-lot indices, the trader who trades odd lots is most likely a small trader, one who can't afford to trade round lots.

( Despite common belief, he did not take a day from February ; see the debunked theory on month lengths ) According to a Senatus consultum quoted by Macrobius, he chose this month because it was the time of several of his great triumphs, including the conquest of Egypt.

According to the theory, the human experience of moral obligations was the result of evolutionary pressures, which attached a sense of morality to human psychology because it was useful for moral development ; this entail that moral values do not exist independently of the human mind.

According to this new theory, the shorter Alexandrian text is closer to the original, and the longer Western text is the result of later insertion of additional material into the text.

According to the special theory of relativity, the aberration looks as a transform of the celestial sphere due to different frames of reference and is virtually a special case of velocity addition, namely one of the light beam and frames ' relative velocity v. The formula from relativistic aberration can be simplified to

According to the theory of aerodynamics, a flow is considered to be compressible if its change in density with respect to pressure is non-zero along a streamline.

According to bundle theory, an object consists of its properties and nothing more: thus neither can there be an object without properties nor can one even conceive of such an object ; for example, bundle theory claims that thinking of an apple compels one also to think of its color, its shape, the fact that it is a kind of fruit, its cells, its taste, or at least one other of its properties.

According to the Big Bang theory, the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly.

According to the Chronicles-Ezra-Nehemiah theory, it contains material set aside from the rest of the book of Ezra, which was canonized first.

According to this theory, the anonymous author attributed these events to Daniel, as prophecies that were witnessed by this writer in the 2nd century BCE.

According to this theory, the cycle of philosophical upheavals that in part drove the diversification of Buddhism into its many schools and sects only began once Buddhists began attempting to make explicit the implicit philosophy of the Buddha and the early suttas.

According to one theory, the term was loaned to Russian, where-in literary language-it first appeared in " Elysei ", a 1771 poem by V. Maikov.

According to Brønsted – Lowry acid-base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction ; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion.

According to this theory, the crucial things being exchanged are charges.

According to physicist Phil Anderson, the term was coined by himself and Volker Heine when they changed the name of their group at the Cavendish Laboratories, Cambridge from " Solid state theory " to " Theory of Condensed Matter ", as they felt it did not exclude their interests in the study of liquids, nuclear matter and so on.

According to some psychologists, a person who believes in one conspiracy theory tends to believe in others ; a person who does not believe in one conspiracy theory tends not to believe another.

According to this theory, depressed people acquire a negative schema of the world in childhood and adolescence as an effect of stressful life events, and the negative schema is activated later in life when the person encounters similar situations.

According to Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, characteristics such as camouflage that help an animal to survive will tend to evolve in any population.

According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as camouflage evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage, enabling them to leave more offspring, on average, than other members of the same species.

According to this view, Hume is not arguing for a bundle theory, which is a form of reductionism, but rather for an eliminative view of the self.

According to dot-com theory, an Internet company's survival depended on expanding its customer base as rapidly as possible, even if it produced large annual losses.

According to theory, this may give a comparative advantage in production of goods that make more intensive use of the relatively more abundant, thus relatively cheaper, input.