Advocates of central bank independence argue that a central bank which is too susceptible to political direction or pressure may encourage economic cycles (" boom and bust "), as politicians may be tempted to boost economic activity in advance of an election, to the detriment of the long-term health of the economy and the country.

In December 2009, a 96-page report titled Human Rights in Ethiopia: Through the Eyes of the Oromo Diaspora, compiled by the Advocates for Human Rights, documented human rights violations against the Oromo in Ethiopia under three successive regimes: the Abyssinian Empire under Haile Selassie, the Marxist Derg and the current Ethiopian government of the Ethiopian People ’ s Revolutionary Democratic Front ( EPRDF ), dominated by members of the Tigray People ’ s Liberation Front ( TPLF ) and which was accused to have arrested approximately 20, 000 suspected OLF members, to have driven most OLF leadership into exile, and to have effectively neutralized the OLF as a political force in Ethiopia.

Advocates of pan-Arabism have often espoused socialist principles and strongly opposed Western political involvement in the Arab world.

Advocates of cumulative voting often argue that political and racial minorities deserve better representation.

Advocates of abolitionism engaged in moral and political debates, and encouraged the creation of Free Soil states as Western expansion proceeded.

In 1987, Marshall Fritz, founder of the Advocates for Self-Government, tweaked the chart and added ten questions – which he called the World ’ s Smallest Political Quiz – which enabled people to plot themselves on the chart and discover where they fit on the political map.

Advocates of anarchism dispute the association of the book with anarchist political philosophy.

NCOD was founded in 1988 by Robert Eichberg, a psychologist from New Mexico and founder of the personal growth workshop, The Experience, and Jean O ' Leary, an openly-gay political leader from Los Angeles and then head of the National Gay Rights Advocates.

His target was Scottish political conservatism, in the form of the Faculty of Advocates, and he brought on young Whig advocates imbued with a due reverence for the law.

Advocates of the promotion of Low German have expressed considerable hope that this political development will at once lend legitimacy to their claim that Low German is a separate language and help mitigate the functional limits of the language that may still be cited as objective criteria for a mere dialect ( such as the virtually complete absence from legal and administrative contexts, schools, the media, etc.

* NSPE ’ s Engineer Advocates program facilitates the involvement of engineers at the grassroots level of the political process.

Advocates of Pan-Africanism – i. e. “ Pan-Africans ” or “ Pan-Africanists ”-often champion socialist principles and tend to be opposed to external political and economic involvement on the continent.

Advocates of Third Position politics typically present themselves as " beyond left and right ", instead claiming to syncretize radical ideas from both ends of the political spectrum.

Advocates describe EDSA II as " popular " but critics view the uprising as a conspiracy among political and business elites, military top brass and Catholic Cardinal Jaime Sin.

According to the Advocates, the quiz was designed primarily to be more accurate than the one-dimensional " left-right " or " liberal-conservative " political spectrum by providing a two-dimensional representation.

Advocates of a " culture of life " argue that a " culture of death " results in political, economic, or eugenic murder.

Advocates for causes across the political spectrum use this phrase in attempting to engage in persuasion, particularly by contrasting some situation which has been allowed to continue for pragmatic or social reasons, but which those advocating action regard as being wrong in principle.

Advocates of the anti-psychiatric world view such as David Cooper, R. D. Laing and Michel Foucault had ties with the political left of the 1960s ; Thomas Szasz, with the civil libertarians of the right, as well as an outspoken atheist.

Advocates of civilian control generally take a Clausewitzian view of war, emphasizing its political character.

Advocates of Keynesian economics argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, particularly monetary policy actions by the central bank and fiscal policy actions by the government to stabilize output over the business cycle.

Advocates ensure that the views of children, young people and vulnerable adults are listened to, particularly in decisions which are made about them.

Advocates address the first doubt by pointing out that the first macroscale autonomous machine replicator, made of Lego blocks, was built and operated experimentally in 2002.

Advocates of counterfactual history often respond that all statements about causality in history contain implicit counterfactual claims — for example, the claim that a certain military decision helped a country win a war presumes that if that decision had not been made, the war would have been less likely to be won, or would have been longer.

In 1897 a petition by the Faculty of Advocates for the establishment of a Scottish roll of Queen's Counsel was approved and the first appointments were made later in that year.

Other abridgments, not by Bower, were made about the same time, one about 1450 ( perhaps by Patrick Russell, a Carthusian of Perth ) preserved in the Advocates ' library ( MS. 35.

Court Appointed Special Advocates ( CASA ), adopted as the international philanthropy in 1989, are community volunteers who serve as the voice for abused and neglected children in court, their purpose is to ensure all legal actions made are in the child's best interest.

Advocates say drinks employing these sweeteners have a more natural sugar-like taste than those made just with aspartame, and do not have a strong aftertaste.

He was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1835, and in 1852 he was made Solicitor General for Scotland in Lord Derby's first ministry, three months later becoming Lord Advocate, a post he held from May to December of that year.

Advocates of both Arminianism and Calvinism find a home in many Protestant denominations, and sometimes both exist within the same denomination as with the Puritans.

Advocates for a northern homeland point to Greek and Roman sources that associate the Cimbri with the peninsula of Jutland, Denmark.

Advocates of ending DADT repeatedly publicized discharges of highly trained gay and lesbian personnel, especially those in positions with critical shortages, including fifty-nine Arabic speakers and nine Persian speakers.

Advocates of declarative representations were notably working at Stanford, associated with John McCarthy, Bertram Raphael and Cordell Green, and in Edinburgh, with John Alan Robinson ( an academic visitor from Syracuse University ), Pat Hayes, and Robert Kowalski.

Advocates respond that it is difficult to undertake a comprehensive design effort in the absence of significant funding for such efforts, and that despite this handicap much useful design-ahead has nevertheless been accomplished with new software tools that have been developed, e. g., at Nanorex.

Advocates assert that to achieve most of the vision of molecular manufacturing it is not necessary to be able to build " any structure that is compatible with natural law.

Advocates of this philosophy point to the many well-known artists and intellectuals who have used drugs, experimentally or otherwise, with few detrimental effects on their lives.

Advocates of school choice argue that this competition for students ( and the education dollars that come with them ) create a catalyst for schools to create innovative programs, become more responsive to parental demands, and to increase student achievement.

Advocates for gun rights often claim that past totalitarian regimes passed gun control legislation, which was later followed by confiscation, with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany during World War II, as well as some communist states being cited as examples.

" This was in conflict with Advocates for Animals ' position on captive animals.

Advocates seek a sustainable lifestyle ( for example, of voluntary simplicity ) for inhabitants with a minimum of trade outside the local area, or ecoregion.

Advocates of evidence-based medicine have used this as an example of the importance of basing health-care recommendations on statistical evidence, with one researcher estimating that as many as 50, 000 infant deaths in Europe, Australia, and the US could have been prevented had this advice been altered by 1970, when such evidence became available.

Advocates of the " age old sport " often list cultural and religious relevance as reasons for perpetuation of cockfighting as a sport, but secular cockfighting is not to be confused with the religious, spiritual and sacred cockfight.

Advocates of natural childbirth and unassisted birth state that this intervention is often performed without medical necessity, with significant damage to the person giving birth.

Advocates of this point to growing globalization, particularly with international economic interaction.

Advocates of digital point to the high levels of performance possible with digital audio, including excellent linearity in the audible band and low levels of noise and distortion.

* Advocates of philosophical skepticism claim that man cannot know anything with certainty, much less be infallible.

He read law and was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1815, still with many outside interests, and in 1816 produced a second volume of poems, The City of the Plague.

In India under the legal framework set established under the Advocates Act, 1961, a law graduate is required to be enrolled with the Bar Council of India.

In addition to his easel pictures, Stothard decorated the grand staircase of Burghley House, near Stamford in Lincolnshire, with subjects of War, Intemperance, and the Descent of Orpheus in Hell ( 1799 – 1803 ); the mansion of Hafod, North Wales, with a series of scenes from Froissart and Monstrelet ( 1810 ); the cupola of the upper hall of the Advocates ' Library, Edinburgh ( later occupied by the Signet Library ), with Apollo and the Muses, and figures of poets, orators, etc.

Advocates of limited government, in the form laissez faire ( little or no government role in the economy ) follow from the 19th century philosophical tradition classical liberalism, and are particularly associated with the mainstream economic schools of classical economics ( through the 1870s ) and neoclassical economics ( from the 1870s onwards ), and with the heterodox Austrian school.