The Boer Republics ( sometimes also referred to as Boer states ) were independent self-governed republics created by the northeastern frontier branch of the Dutch-speaking ( proto Afrikaans ) inhabitants of the north eastern Cape Province and their descendants ( variously named Trekboers, Boers, Afrikaners and Voortrekkers ) in mainly the northern and eastern parts of what is now the country of South Africa.

The Afrikaners, whose Dutch ancestors first established a trading and refueling stop at Cape Town in the 17th century to service ships moving between Holland and Java, and whose ranks were augmented by Huguenot and other northern European immigrants, considered themselves the " New Israelites ".

" The party drew support from several different parts of South African society, including English-speakers, Afrikaners and ' Coloureds '.

* The 1960 census, which revealed that there were more Afrikaners in the country than English, thus almost guaranteeing the NP victory in a Republican referendum.

In other words, the traditional, deeply pious Calvinism of the Afrikaners, a pastoral people with a difficult history in South Africa since the mid-17th century, supplied an element of Christian predestination that led to a determination to wrest the country from the English-speaking British and place its future in the hands of the Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaners, whatever that might mean for the large black and mixed-race population.

* Arthur Kemp, who wrote an essay, The Lie of Apartheid, which argued that apartheid was in fact an impracticable and unworkable system which led directly to the Afrikaners ’ demise as a political force in that country.

During recent times, mainly during the apartheid reform and post-1994 eras, many more white Afrikaans-speaking people, mainly with " conservative " political views and of Trekboer and Voortrekker descent, have preferred to be called " Boers " or Boere-Afrikaners, rather than " Afrikaners ".

Since the Anglo-Boer war the term " Boervolk " was rarely used in the 20th century by the various regimes because of this attempt to assimilate the Boervolk with the Afrikaners.

Similarly, Afrikaners ( and Cape Coloureds ), both descendant of mainly Dutch settlers, tend to pronounce English phonemes with a strong Afrikaans inflection.

The Afrikaners soon came in conflict with the Herero who entered Damaraland from the south at about the same time as the Afrikaner started to expand farther north from Namaqualand.

Most of these originally settled in the Cape Colony, but have since been quickly absorbed into the Afrikaner and Afrikaans population, thanks to sharing a similar religion to the Dutch colonists, and there are now many Afrikaners with French surnames given Afrikaans pronunciation.

A more antithetical message could hardly be imagined, as the English Enlightenment found itself with the Afrikaners for the first time.

The slogan of the Doleantie, which eventually rang with unintended nationalist nuance for the Afrikaners was, " Separation is Strength ".

International pressures mounted, increasingly isolating the Afrikaners and identifying their policies with the worst kind of godless oppression ; but this was a long time in producing a crisis of conscience — or at least, it did not for some time produce sufficient energy to dismantle the complex social system that had been founded upon apartheid.

Both unions had constitutions almost identical with that of the Afrikaner Bond, a former pan-Afrikaner political movement, and their aims were also similar – to secure the position of the Afrikaners in state and society.

In South Africa, Anglo-South African is used for predominantly British-descended, English-speaking white people, who are contrasted with the Dutch-descended Afrikaners.

These types of acts were going too far for most Afrikaners, and Malan ordered the National Party to break with the OB in 1942.

However, the anthem was generally disliked by black South Africans, who saw it as triumphalist and associated it with the apartheid regime where one verse shows dedication to Afrikaners.

In 1914, the Afrikaners led the failed Maritz Rebellion against the government ; in 1916, an NP congress called initially for a return to republicanism but then decided that it was too early ; 1918 saw the founding of the Broederbond ( Brother Bond ), a cultural establishment with powerful Afrikaner nationalist and republican overtones.

He identified strongly with this area and its people and became a local community leader among the Afrikaners.

Hertzog felt that siding with the former enemy would be unacceptable to Afrikaners.

Fanconi anemia ( FA ) is a genetic disease with an incidence of 1 per 350, 000 births, with a higher frequency in Ashkenazi Jews and Afrikaners in South Africa.

The Freedom Front Plus is closely associated with the Afrikaner settlement of Orania, whose long-term goal is to establish an independent state for Afrikaners.

He feared that if the whole of South Africa was not quickly brought under British control, the newly-wealthy Transvaal, controlled by Afrikaners, could unite with Cape Afrikaners and jeopardise the entire British position in South Africa.

For instance, Nelson Mandela gained his immense popularity after years of resistance against the apartheid government of South Africa ; some militant members of the dominant minority ( Afrikaners ) reacted to his democratic ascent with anti-civilian terrorism, by setting off car bombs at polling stations during the election that brought him to power.

The organisation's strongest support was found in the rural communities of South Africa's North, with comparably few supporters in urban areas where his following was largely limited to the middle and lower income Afrikaners.

Along with Afrikaners, Anglo-Africans are officially grouped as White South Africans, comprising 39 % of the total White South African demographic.

The Khoikhoi and the Boers used the Afrikaners for meat and milk and the Boers improved them to use as draft animals.

Dutch Calvinist settlers were also the first successful European colonizers of South Africa, beginning in the 17th century, who became known as Boers or Afrikaners.

It is also looking at ways beyond normal parliamentarian politics to benefit Afrikaners.

Afrikaners, who were more likely to favour a republic than English-speaking white South Africans, were also on average younger than them, with a higher birth rate.

The party also launched an attack on the materialism that it felt was taking over South African society and thus sought to present itself as the voice of working class Afrikaners.

A renowned Boer War historian, Griffith was also a supporter of the Afrikaners in South Africa.

The flag of South Africa from 1928 to 1994 had an orange upper stripe and was very similar to the old Dutch flag also called Prince's Flag, because it was inspired in the history of the Afrikaners, who are chiefly of Dutch descent.

The experiences of the fictional van Doorn family illustrate the Dutch and Huguenot heritage of South Africa, and in the 1970s also illustrate the differences between liberal and conservative Afrikaners.

In March 2010, at a rally on a university campus, the former president of the African National Congress Youth League Julius Malema sang the lyrics " shoot the boer " ( Dubul ' ibhunu – " Boer " is the Afrikaans word for " farmer ", but is also used as a derogatory term for Afrikaners ).

He campaigned against the Germans for two years, until the treaty of Gurus, 15 September 1894 where he agreed to a conditional surrender, and also to render military support for the Germans, later against other smaller tribes, like the eastern Mbanderu Herrero, Afrikaners, Swarbooi's, etc.

Afrikaners are usually deep red with long spreading horns.

The Afrikaners have their succulent potjiekos, tamatiebredie ( tomato bredie ), or stews of lamb and mutton with tomato and onion sauce, with or without rice.

* 14 August-The Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaners ( Association for True Afrikaners ) is formed at the home of Gideon Malherbe in Paarl

There are other Afrikaners, too, who are led by their consciences and not by rules, and regulations promulgated by a faceless, monolithic parliament.

In order to gain control of the Regiment, the government flooded the unit's ranks with Afrikaners and other National Party supporters from outside of the main recruitment pool area ( Cape Peninsula ), generally with the rank of NCO or above.

Afrikaners have been bred into other lines used in the tropics because of their fertility, docility and greater weight gain potential.

Michener writes largely from the point of view of the Afrikaners, descendants of Dutch settlers and French Huguenot immigrants who traveled to South Africa to practice freedom of worship in the Calvinist tradition, and other European groups ( such as the Germans ), all of whom were absorbed by the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch Reformed Church.