Against these critics eloquent spokespersons stepped forward in defense of the progressive tradition.

Against the Gnostics, who said that they possessed a secret oral tradition from Jesus himself, Irenaeus maintained that the bishops in different cities are known as far back as the Apostles — and none of them was a Gnostic — and that the bishops provided the only safe guide to the interpretation of Scripture.

Josephus's Against Apion is a two-volume defence of Judaism as classical religion and philosophy, stressing its antiquity, as opposed to what Josephus claimed was the relatively more recent tradition of the Greeks.

In 189, assertion of the primacy of the Church of Rome may be indicated in Irenaeus of Lyons's Against Heresies ( 3: 3: 2 ): " With Church of Rome, because of its superior origin, all the churches must agree ... and it is in her that the faithful everywhere have maintained the apostolic tradition.

John Zerzan included Thoreau's text " Excursions " ( 1863 ) in his edited compilation of works in the anarcho-primitivist tradition titled Against civilization: Readings and reflections.

In his essay, Against Method, Paul Feyerabend characterizes science as " an essentially anarchic enterprise " and argues emphatically that science merits no exclusive monopoly over " dealing in knowledge " and that scientists have never operated within a distinct and narrowly self-defined tradition.

In Revolt Against the Modern World, he expounds according to the ancient texts that there is not one Tradition, but two: An older and degenerate tradition that is feminine, matriarchal, unheroic, associated with the telluric negroid racial remnants of Lemuria ( continent ); and a higher one that is masculine, heroic, " Uranian " and purely Aryo-Hyperborean in its origin.

Against the injustice of Hell, some theists, particularly in the Thomistic tradition, have argued that God's infinite dignity requires that any transgression against him warrants an infinite punishment.

The tradition of public speaking in the park continued until well after the Second World War, and was still later reflected in politically oriented rock concerts, such as those held by Rock Against Racism and the Anti-Nazi League in the 1970s and 1980s.

It follows in the tradition of the 1970s Rock Against Racism ( RAR ) campaign, which also involved the Anti-Nazi League.

In his Against the Heresies, Irenaeus wrote, " Although there are many dialects in the world, the force of the tradition is one and the same.

* Juárez: Art Against Death Article by artist and cultural critic Monica Mayer about the place of Morillas and other contemporary Mexican feminist artists in the tradition of Latin American female activist artists, originally published in El Universal

Irenaeus ' best-known book, Adversus Haereses or Against Heresies ( c. 180 ) is a detailed attack on Gnosticism, which was then a serious threat to the Church, and especially on the system of the Gnostic Valentinus.

This view is supported by Against Euthonius, where Gregory denounces Euthonius for placing the results of his systematic Aristotelean philosophy above the traditional teachings of the Church.

The Interpretations of the Sayings of the Lord ( his word for " sayings " is logia ) in five books, would have been a prime early authority in the exegesis of the sayings of Jesus, some of which are recorded in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke, however the book has not survived and is known only through fragments quoted in later writers, with approval in Irenaeus's Against Heresies and later by Eusebius in Ecclesiastical History, the earliest surviving history of the early Church.

In his own time, Ratramnus was perhaps best known for his Against the Objections of the Greeks who Slandered the Roman Church, a response to the Photian schism and defense of the filioque addition to the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed.

Ratramnus ’ defense of Western theology and practice in his Against the Objections of the Greeks who Slandered the Roman Church, is largely occupied with proving the filioque, although the final section of the work deals with other disagreements, such as the monastic tonsure and priestly celibacy.

* The Shield of Defence of the Holy Roman Church Against the Picards and Waldenses, c. 1500

* Gabriella Coleman and Finn Brunton, 17 July 2010, " Net Wars Over Free Speech, Freedom, and Secrecy or How to Understand the Hacker and Lulz Battle Against the Church of Scientology " at The Next HOPE conference-includes discussion of Blissett among precursors of Anonymous

Against this backdrop, the Devotio Moderna movement was started by Geert Groote who was highly dissatisfied with the state of the Church and what he perceived as the gradual loss of monastic traditions and the lack of moral values among the clergy.

Apart from Papias ' comment, we do not hear about the author of the Gospel until Irenaeus around 185 who remarks that Matthew issued a written Gospel of the Hebrews ( Against Heresies 3. 1. 1 ) Pantaenus, Origen and other Church Fathers also believed Matthew wrote the Gospel of the Hebrews ( Church History 5. 10. 3, 6. 25. 4 ) None of these Church Fathers asserted that Matthew wrote his Gospel in Greek.

Irenaeus believed Matthew issued a written Gospel of the Hebrews in their own language while Peter and Paul were preaching at Rome and laying the foundations of the Church ( Against Heresies 3: 1 ).

Irenaeus wrote that they used only Matthew's Gospel ( Against Heresies, 1. 26. 2 ) and, Eusebius wrote that the Ebionites used only the Gospel of the Hebrews ( Church History, 3. 27. 4 ) Epiphanius stated that the Ebionites used a Gospel of the Hebrews which he considered was a corrupted version of Greek Matthew ( Panarion, 30 ).

Against this background to the encyclical, Faulhaber suggested in an internal Church memorandum that the bishops should inform the Nazi regime “ that the Church, through the application of its marriage laws, has made and continues to make, an important contribution to the state ’ s policy of racial purity ; and is thus performing a valuable service for the regime ’ s population policy .”

This passage in Irenaeus Against Heresies 3: 4: 1 illuminates the meaning of his remarks about the Church of Rome: if there are disputes in a local church, that church should have recourse to the Roman Church, for there is contained the Tradition which is preserved by all the churches.

Garnet's writings include An Apology Against the Defence of Schisme ( 1593 ), an attack against church papistry in which he scalded Thomas Bell for supporting the occasional taking of Communion in the Church of England.

* Against the Gates of Hell: The Threat to Religious Freedom in America by Stanley R. Rader On-line copy of Rader's book defending Armstrong and the Worldwide Church of God

Hitler has won this ;( 2 ) Against the Catholic Church, perhaps better expressed as Ultramontanism and ( 3 ) Against the Jews. We are in the midst of these battles, and the one against the Jews is the most difficult.

Riverside Church participates in the National Religious Campaign Against Torture.

Against the will of the president of the German federal bank, he allowed a 1: 1 exchange rate for wages, interest and rent between the West and East Marks.

Anime Club, Chemistry Club, Chinese Dragon Dance Team, Colleges Against Cancer / Relay for Life, College Democrats, College Republicans, Comic Book Club, East Asian Studies Club, Gay-Straight Alliance, Habitat for Humanity, March of Dimes, Mock Trial, New York Times Discussion Group, Outdoors Club, Pep Band, Pocket Lint Improvisational Comedy, POWER ( Parliament of the Wittenberg Environmental Revolution ), Pre-Health Club, Sailing Club, Crew, Society of Physics Students, Student Global AIDS Campaign, Student Senate, Swing Dance Club, Union Board, University Communications, Wittenberg Art League, Wittenberg Role-Playing Guild, Wittenberg Rugby, Wittenberg Student Dance Company ( WSDC ), WUSO radio station, WittMen Crew A Capella, Student newspaper The Torch, Wittenberg Film Club, Diversity Club, Planned Parenthood, and WUSS ( Wittenberg University Speleological Society — The Caving Club ), Younglife.

It works closely with Military Families Against the War, particularly in the Justice 4 Gordon Gentle campaign, standing down in the 2005 general election for Rose Gentle in the East Kilbride constituency.

* International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Chapter 5: Japanese Aggression Against China

* Burundi – On Monday, December 31, 2007, at 6: 30 pm, an Action Against Hunger vehicle was targeted by shooters in the city of Ruygi in the East of Burundi.

She subsequently represented similar groups opposed to nuclear waste dumping threatened at Fulbeck in Lincolnshire ( Lincolnshire Against Nuclear Dumping-LAND ) at East Killingholme on Humberside ( HAND ) and at Bradwell ( BAND ) in a lengthy High Court action in 1986, before those plans were abandoned by the Tory government, shortly before the 1987 General Election.

Begun as East London Workers Against Racism ( ELWAR ), before it was launched as a national campaign, Workers Against Racism campaigned against state racism.

In Parliament, Tory MP Nicholas Winterton demanded of the Home Secretary: ' if he will seek to proscribe the East London Workers against Racism vigilante group ' Workers Against Racism was criticised in the press for its activities during the 1981 Brixton Riots.

the Revolutionary Communist Party set up a Lambeth Unemployed Workers ’ Group shortly before the Riots, and has since formed a South London Workers Against Racism group, similar to the East London Workers Against Racism which attracted some notoriety for organising vigilante patrols.

* East Harlem Against Deportation

According to the Centre Against Expulsions, 40, 000 Neumarkers were killed in action as soldiers, 395, 000 fled to West or East Germany by 1950, and 208, 000 died, disappeared, or were murdered during the course of flight or expulsion by Polish and Soviet troops.

: A GP's East End ( 1991 ), the story of his experience as a doctor in London's East End, The National Health: A Radical Perspective, and Beating Time ( 1986 ), an account of the Rock Against Racism movement of the late 1970s.

Against the fans ’ wishes, the Steedmans merged the club with Clydebank Juniors to create East Stirlingshire Clydebank ( or E. S.

The television series Naked City, Car 54, Where Are You ?, and East Side / West Side, and movies such as A Face in the Crowd, Odds Against Tomorrow, The Fugitive Kind, The Goddess, Pretty Boy Floyd, BUtterfield 8, The Incident, and John and Mary were filmed there.

The Born Against song and " The Real Janelle " both are references to Janelle Hessig, a former Bratmobile roadie and East Bay fanzine creator known for producing " Tales of Blarg " and " Desperate Times.

* Cyrus Maketh war Against the Massagetæ, and Dieth from " Stories of the East From Herodotus " by Alfred J.

Against # 1 Duke in the East Regional Semifinals, Jeffries had 24 points and 15 rebounds to lead IU to a 74-73 upset victory.

# The Bulgarians – Origin, Migrations, and Settlement of the Hungarians – Their Inroads in the East and West – The Monarchy of Russia – Geography and Trade – Wars of the Russians Against the Greek Empire – Conversion of the Barbarians – Baptism of Wolodomir

In his first book written in 1997, Against the Tides in the Middle East: The true story of Mustafa, former teacher of Islamic history, Gabriel tells of his birth on 30 December 1957 to Muslim parents in Upper Egypt.

Against the backdrop of Cold War international relations, Suharto's " New Order " invasion of East Timor, and the subsequent 24-year occupation, resulted in an estimated minimum of 102, 800 deaths.