Sparta under King Agis II has a major victory over Argos ( and its allies Athens, Ellis and Mantinea ), which has broken its treaty with Sparta's King Agis II at the insistence of Alcibiades.

With advice from Alcibiades in 415 BCE, the former Athenian general wanted on Athenian charges of religious crimes, the Spartans and their allies, under Agis the Spartan king, fortified Decelea as a major military post in the later stage of the Peloponnesian War, giving them control of rural Attica and cutting off the primary land route for food imports.

Agesilaus was the son of Archidamus II and his second wife, Eupoleia, brother to Cynisca ( the first woman in ancient history to achieve an Olympic victory ), and younger half-brother of Agis II.

Agis managed to forestall this punishment, promising to redeem himself with a victory elsewhere.

Agis, who was desperate for a victory to redeem his embarrassment at Argos, charged ahead ; but according to Thucydides, when the armies had closed to a stone's throw, " one of the elder Spartans " ( the xymboulos Pharax, according to Diodorus ) advised him not to try to correct one error ( his former defeat ) with another.

Agis was invested with the command and with his Spartan troops, and a body of 8000 Greek mercenaries who had been present at the battle of Issus, gained a decisive victory in the Peloponnese over a Macedonian army under Coragus.

* 419 King Agis, ruler of Sparta, attacks Argos, makes treaty

Again during the reign of King Agis, several ephors brought the people into revolt with oracles from Pasiphaë's shrine promising remission of debts and redistribution of land.

Upon his return, Agis finds that his supporters are discontented with the rule of his uncle, Agesilaus, and are disillusioned by the delay in implementing the Agis IV's reforms.

Rather than engage in a war with Leonidas, Agis takes sanctuary in a temple, but is enticed out, summarily tried and then executed, along with his mother and grandmother.

During Alexander's campaigns in the east, the Spartan king, Agis III sent a force to Crete in 333 BC with the aim of securing the island for Sparta.

* Drawing upon the tradition of the Spartan lawgiver, Lycurgus, the young Eurypontid king of Sparta, Agis IV, seeks to reform a system that distributes the land and wealth unequally and burden the poor with debt.

Agis is supported by his wealthy mother and grandmother ( who surrender their property ), by his uncle Agesilaus, and by Lysander, who is an ephor ( magistrate with the duty of limiting the power of the king ).

In the Peloponnesus he routes a force under the Macedonian general Coragus and, although Athens stays neutral, he is joined by Elis, Achaea ( except Pellene ) and Arcadia, with the exception of Megalopolis, the staunchly anti-Spartan capital of Arcadia, which Agis III's forces besiege.

Blockaded by land and sea, with their food supplies running low, the Athenians sent ambassadors to the Spartan king Agis, whose army was camped outside their walls, offering to join the Spartan alliance if they were allowed to keep their walls and port ; Agis, claiming that he had no power to negotiate, sent the ambassadors on to Sparta, but there they were told that, if they really wanted peace, they should bring the Spartans better proposals.

Gina Birch and Vicky Aspinall formed Dorothy and Ana da Silva worked with choreographer Gaby Agis on a series of dance projects and formed Roseland with Charles Hayward.

As Chugg says, " If he did persuade Alexander to reach an accommodation with Demosthenes at this critical juncture, as would seem likely from the circumstances, then he was significantly responsible for saving the situation for Macedon in Greece by preventing the revolt of Agis spreading to Athens and her allies.

* " The Comparison of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus with Agis and Cleomenes ", by Plutarch, translated by John Dryden

Agis started in 331 BC to besiege the city with his entire army, generating great alarm in Macedon.

This helped to create, with Thessalian help and many mercenaries, a force double that of Agis, which Antipater in person led south in 330 BC to confront the Spartans.

Agis fell with many of his best soldiers, but not without inflicting heavy losses on the Macedonians.

* Maurice Agis ' Dreamspace V, a huge inflatable maze erected in Chester-le-Street, County Durham, killed two women and seriously injured a three-year-old girl when a strong wind broke its moorings and carried it 30 ft into the air, with thirty people trapped inside.

Meanwhile, Agis, having started his reforms went on a campaign near the Isthmus of Corinth which presented Leonidas with an opportunity to regain his throne.

However, the Spartan king Agis ( son of Archidamus ) instead concluded the first campaign with a truce, without explaining his actions to the army or his allies ; the army thus returned home.

He was able to persuade the Spartans to select Agesilaus II as the new Eurypontid Spartan king following the death of Agis II.

However, Alcibiades loses the confidence of the Spartans and antagonises their king Agis II.

* King Agis II of Sparta escapes having his house razed and being fined 100, 000 drachmae for his failure to press his advantage by promising more successful outcomes in the future.

Lysander and King Agis were for total destruction as were Sparta's leading allies Corinth and Thebes.

These representatives were, for Sparta, the kings Pleistoanax and Agis II, Pleistolas, Damagetus, Chionis, Metagenes, Acanthus, Daithus, Ischagoras, Philocharidas, Zeuxidas, Antiphus, Tellis, Alcindas, Empedias, Menas, and Laphilus.

* editions of Isaeus ( 1831 ) and Plutarch's Agis and Cleomenes ( 1839, important for the Attic law of inheritance and the history of the Spartan constitution )

Once it became clear, however, that Demosthenes and his men intended to hold the site, the king Agis, who was at the head of an army ravaging Attica, turned for home, cutting his invasion short after only 15 days in Athenian territory.

The Spartan ephors consented, but in an unprecedented move, placed Agis under the supervision of ten advisors, called xymbouloi, whose consent was required for whatever military action he wished to take.

Agis marched the whole of the Spartan army, together with the neodamodeis and everyone who was able to fight in Sparta out to Tegea where he was joined by his allies from Arcadia, and he sent for help from his northern allies, Corinth, Boeotia, Phocis, and Locris.

They were called back soon after, as Agis or the xymbouloi realized that the Eleans would soon be back on the side of the Argives, but did not arrive in time for the battle.

Agis could have bided his time inside the walls of Tegea, waiting for his northern allies.

In 333 BC, Agis went with a single trireme to the Persian commanders in the Aegean, Pharnabazus and Autophradates, to request money and armaments for carrying on hostile operations against Alexander the Great in Greece.

Agis and Cleombrotus fled for sanctuary, the former to the temple of Athena Chalcioecus in Sparta, the latter to the temple of Poseidon ( or Apollo ) at Taenarum.

Agis, observing that one of his executioners was moved to tears, said, " Weep not for me: suffering, as I do, unjustly, I am in a happier case than my murderers.

The accusation of Polybius is repeated by Plutarch, but it comes with rather a bad grace from the latter writer, since there can be little doubt that his lives of Agis and Cleomenes are taken almost entirely from Phylarchus, to whom he is likewise indebted for the latter part of his life of Pyrrhus.

Immediately afterwards, the Argives denounced the truce and resumed the war, capturing the key town of Orchomenus ; as a result, anger at Agis was such that he was on the verge of being fined 100, 000 drachmas and having his house destroyed.

After the battle the Greeks chose Agis to sign a truce and begin diplomatic talks.