* Agis IV, Eurypontid King of Sparta who has failed in his attempt to reform Sparta's economic and political structure ( b. c. 265 BC )

* Archidamus V, brother of the murdered Spartan King Agis IV, is called back to Sparta by the Agiad King Cleomenes III, who has no counterpart on the throne by then.

Agis is supported by his wealthy mother and grandmother ( who surrender their property ), by his uncle Agesilaus, and by Lysander, who is an ephor ( magistrate with the duty of limiting the power of the king ).

Cleomenes ' brother-in-law, Cleombrotus, who was a supporter of Agis, became king.

Following the execution of Agis, Cleomenes-who was around eighteen at the time-was made by his father to marry Agis ' widow, Agiatis, who was a wealthy heiress.

Once it became clear, however, that Demosthenes and his men intended to hold the site, the king Agis, who was at the head of an army ravaging Attica, turned for home, cutting his invasion short after only 15 days in Athenian territory.

Agis marched the whole of the Spartan army, together with the neodamodeis and everyone who was able to fight in Sparta out to Tegea where he was joined by his allies from Arcadia, and he sent for help from his northern allies, Corinth, Boeotia, Phocis, and Locris.

Agis, who was desperate for a victory to redeem his embarrassment at Argos, charged ahead ; but according to Thucydides, when the armies had closed to a stone's throw, " one of the elder Spartans " ( the xymboulos Pharax, according to Diodorus ) advised him not to try to correct one error ( his former defeat ) with another.

This reduced the Paeonian kingdom ( then ruled by Agis ) to a semi-autonomous, subordinate status, which led to a process of gradual and formal Hellenization of the Paeonians, who began during the reign of Philip II to issue coins with Greek legends like the Macedonian ones.

The navy recalled Alcibiades ( who had been forced to abandon the Spartan cause after reputedly seducing the wife of Agis II, a Spartan king ) and made him its head.

The second faction in Tarentum were the aristocrats, led by Agis, who did not oppose surrendering to Rome, as it would lead to the return of the aristocratic faction to power.

Agis was invested with the command and with his Spartan troops, and a body of 8000 Greek mercenaries who had been present at the battle of Issus, gained a decisive victory in the Peloponnese over a Macedonian army under Coragus.

He succeeded, however, in gaining over three very influential persons: his uncle Agesilaus ( a man of large property, but who, being deeply involved in debt, hoped to profit by the innovations of Agis ), Lysander ( a descendant of the victor of Aegospotami ) and Mandrocleides.

Lysander, therefore, convened the assembly of the people, to whom Agis submitted his measure, and offered to make the first sacrifice, by giving up his own lands and money, telling them that his mother, Agesistrate, and grandmother, who were both possessed of great wealth, with all his relations and friends, would follow his example.

The opposite party, however, headed by Leonidas II, Agis ' Agiad co-monarch, who had formed his habits at the luxurious court of Seleucus II Callinicus, got the senate to reject the measure, though only by one vote.

Leonidas was deposed, and was succeeded by his son-in-law, Cleombrotus, who cooperated with Agis.

Leonidas, who had returned to the city, fled again, to Tegea, protected from Agis by Agesilaus, who persuaded Agis and Lysander that the most effective way to secure the consent of the wealthy to the distribution of their lands, would be to begin by cancelling the debts.

His son Cleomenes III eventually succeeded him, having been married at age 18 to Agiatis ( d. 224 BC ), widow of Agis IV, the Eurypontid king ; they had at least one son together who died in Egypt with his grandmother.

We do know that he was not expected to succeed to the throne after his brother king Agis II, largely due to the fact that he was crippled from birth, and since the latter had a son, named Leotychidas.

Again during the reign of King Agis, several ephors brought the people into revolt with oracles from Pasiphaë's shrine promising remission of debts and redistribution of land.

* The Eurypontid King of Sparta, Agis IV, is called away from Sparta when Aratus of Sicyon, temporarily Sparta's ally, requests Agis ' aid in his war against the Aetolians.

By Aristotle's day ( 384 – 322 BC ) citizenship had been reduced from 9, 000 to less than 1, 000, and then further decreased to 700 at the accession of Agis IV in 244 BC.

* While Alexander is fighting in Asia, Agis III of Sparta, profiting from the Macedonian king's absence from Greece, leads some of the Greek cities in a revolt.

* Despite the Peace of Nicias still being in effect, Sparta's King Agis II gathers a strong army at Philus and descends upon Argos by marching at night from the north.

As Chugg says, " If he did persuade Alexander to reach an accommodation with Demosthenes at this critical juncture, as would seem likely from the circumstances, then he was significantly responsible for saving the situation for Macedon in Greece by preventing the revolt of Agis spreading to Athens and her allies.

In around 242 BC, Leonidas was exiled from Sparta and forced to seek refuge in the temple of Athena after opposing the reforms of the Eurypontid King, Agis IV.

Agis tried to strengthen the line by ordering the Sciritae and his left to break off contact from the rest of the army and match the length of the Argive line.

With advice from Alcibiades in 415 BCE, the former Athenian general wanted on Athenian charges of religious crimes, the Spartans and their allies, under Agis the Spartan king, fortified Decelea as a major military post in the later stage of the Peloponnesian War, giving them control of rural Attica and cutting off the primary land route for food imports.

A number of anthroponyms ( some known only from Paeonian coinage ) are attested Agis ( Άγις ), Patraos ( Πατράος ), Lycpeios ( Λύκπειος ), Audoleon ( Αυδολέων ), Eupolemenos ( Ευπολεμένος ), Ariston ( Αρίστων ), etc.

The accusation of Polybius is repeated by Plutarch, but it comes with rather a bad grace from the latter writer, since there can be little doubt that his lives of Agis and Cleomenes are taken almost entirely from Phylarchus, to whom he is likewise indebted for the latter part of his life of Pyrrhus.

Blockaded by land and sea, with their food supplies running low, the Athenians sent ambassadors to the Spartan king Agis, whose army was camped outside their walls, offering to join the Spartan alliance if they were allowed to keep their walls and port ; Agis, claiming that he had no power to negotiate, sent the ambassadors on to Sparta, but there they were told that, if they really wanted peace, they should bring the Spartans better proposals.

The danger of so much power being in the hands of one person had become sufficiently clear that the both King Agis and King Pausanias agreed that Lysander's wings needed to be clipped.

He quotes sources which suggest that Hephaestion had been approached by Aristion of Athens to effect a reconciliation between Alexander and Demosthenes, and certainly, Athens ' inaction during the revolt of the Spartan king, Agis, would seem to support the idea.

Plutarch has Timaia, the wife of King Agis II, " being herself forward enough to whisper among her helot maid-servants " that the child she was expecting had been fathered by Alcibiades, and not her husband, indicating a certain level of trust.

He quickly desposed of Cleombrotus and when Agis returned to Sparta, he had him captured and executed.

The establishment of an Athenian garrison in Spartan territory frightened the Spartan leadership, and the Spartan army, which had been ravaging Attica under the command of Agis, ended their expedition ( the expedition only lasted 15 days ) and marched home, and the Spartan fleet at Corcyra sailed to Pylos.

This was only reinforced when Agis IV and Cleomenes III attempted to " restore the ancestral constitution " at Sparta, which no man then living had experienced.

When asked if he did not repent of what he had attempted, Agis replied that he should never repent of so great a design, even in the face of death.

Agesilaus was the son of Archidamus II and his second wife, Eupoleia, brother to Cynisca ( the first woman in ancient history to achieve an Olympic victory ), and younger half-brother of Agis II.

* Agis of Argos, an ancient Greek poet

For example, the transitory success of Agis and Cleomenes of ancient Sparta in restoring the constitution of Lycurgus was considered by Plutarch to be counterrevolutionary in a positive sense.