The numeral system came to be known to both the Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi, whose book On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals written about 825 in Arabic, and the Arab mathematician Al-Kindi, who wrote four volumes, " On the Use of the Indian Numerals " ( Ketab fi Isti ' mal al -' Adad al-Hindi ) about 830.

One of the earliest of these was Al-Kindi ( c. 801 – 73 ) who wrote on the merits of Aristotelian and Euclidean ideas of optics, favouring the emission theory since it could better quantify optical phenomenon.

Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) ( 801 – 873 ) also wrote a treatise on dream interpretation entitled On Sleep and Dreams.

The Arabian chemist, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), wrote in the 9th century a book on perfumes which he named Book of the Chemistry of Perfume and Distillations.

Al-Kindi wrote a book on cryptography entitled Risalah fi Istikhraj al-Mu ' amma ( Manuscript for the Deciphering Cryptographic Messages ), in which he described the first cryptanalysis techniques, including some for polyalphabetic ciphers, cipher classification, Arabic phonetics and syntax, and, most importantly, gave the first descriptions on frequency analysis.

* c. 800 – 873 – Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) De Gradibus

Through the Latin version of the De Aspectibus, Al-Kindi partly influenced the optical investigations of Robert Grosseteste.

* 9th-12th centuries — Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Saadia Gaon ( Saadia ben Joseph ) and Al-Ghazali ( Algazel ) support a universe that has a finite past and develop two logical arguments against the notion of an infinite past, one of which is later adopted by Immanuel Kant

Al-Kindi took his view of the solar system from Ptolemy, who placed the Earth at the centre of a series of concentric spheres, in which the known heavenly bodies ( the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and the stars ) are embedded.

* c. 850-Cryptanalysis and frequency analysis algorithms developed by Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) in A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages, which contains algorithms on breaking encryptions and ciphers.

It was probably religiously motivated textual analysis of the Qur ' an which led to the invention of the frequency analysis technique for breaking monoalphabetic substitution ciphers, possibly by Al-Kindi, an Arab mathematician, sometime around AD 800 ( Ibrahim Al-Kadi − 1992 ).

* The Arabic nisbat Al-Kindi which indicates affiliation with the Arabian Kinda tribe.

In the 9th century, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) demonstrated that " light from the right side of the flame will pass through the aperture and end up on the left side of the screen, while light from the left side of the flame will pass through the aperture and end up on the right side of the screen.

Al-Kindi demonstrated the intervals on the keyboard of a simple four-stringed oud, starting from the third string as well seven steps in ascending as in descending direction.

Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek thought in the context of their religion.

Al-Kindi ( c. 801 – 873 CE ) links it with disease-like mental states like anger, passion, hatred and depression, while Avicenna ( 980 – 1037 CE ) diagnosed ḥuzn in a lovesick man if his pulse increased drastically when the name of the girl he loved was spoken.

The earliest writing on statistics was found in a 9th century book entitled: " Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages ", written by Al-Kindi.

While Aristotle, Theon of Alexandria, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) and Chinese philosopher Mozi had earlier described the effects of a single light passing through a pinhole, none of them suggested that what is being projected onto the screen is an image of everything on the other side of the aperture.

The earliest surviving records date to the 9th century works of Al-Kindi in the Arab world with the discovery of frequency analysis.

It was influenced by ancient Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle, Hellenistic thinkers such as Ptolemy, earlier Persian and Muslim scientists and philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alfarabi ) and Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī.

The first known recorded explanation of frequency analysis ( indeed, of any kind of cryptanalysis ) was given in the 9th century by Al-Kindi, an Arab polymath, in A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages.

From the ninth century onward, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy was introduced among the Arabs, and the Peripatetic school began to find able representatives among them ; such were Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ), and Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.

From the ninth century onward, owing to Caliph al-Ma ' mun and his successor, Greek philosophy was introduced among the Persians and Arabs, and the Peripatetic school began to find able representatives among them ; such were Al-Kindi, Farabi, Ibn Sina ( Avicenna ), and Ibn Rushd ( Averroës ), all of whose fundamental principles were considered as criticized by the Mutakallamin.

Islamic philosophers such as Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), Al-Farabi ( Alpharabius ), Avicenna ( Ibn Sina ) and Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) reinterpreted Greek philosophies in the context of their religion.

Al-Kindi ( 801 – 873 AD ) was the first great theoretician of Arabic music.

Al-Kindi was the first of the Muslim peripatetic philosophers, and is unanimously hailed as the " father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy " for his synthesis, adaptation and promotion of Greek and Hellenistic philosophy in the Muslim world.

Al-Kindi was a descendant of the Kinda tribe.

Al-Kindi became a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, and a number of Abbasid Caliphs appointed him to oversee the translation of Greek scientific and philosophical texts into the Arabic language.

Al-Kindi was born in Kufa to an aristocratic family of the Kinda tribe.

Al-Kindi was a master of many different areas of thought.

Aimoin, who died about 1010, must be distinguished from Aimoin, a monk of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, who wrote De miraculis sancti Germani, and a fragment De Normanorum gestis circa Parisiacam urbem et de divine in eos ultione tempore Caroli calvi.

He wrote " The Princes of the Lost Tribe " and " Ancient Queen of Somawathee " for Menaka De Shabandu and Bridget Halpe's choirs, respectively, based on historical incidents in ancient Sri Lanka.

In about 701 Bede wrote his first works, the De Arte Metrica and De Schematibus et Tropis ; both were intended for use in the classroom.

In addition to these works on astronomical timekeeping, he also wrote De natura rerum, or On the Nature of Things, modelled in part after the work of the same title by Isidore of Seville.

Also from Greece, Pedanius Dioscorides, in the middle of the first century, wrote De Materia Medica, a five-volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine that was widely read for more than 1, 500 years.

Kael wrote in her review of Blow Out, " At forty, Brian De Palma has more than twenty years of moviemaking behind him, and he has been growing better and better.

Gildas, in his 6th century De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, may have been alluding to Boudica when he wrote " A treacherous lioness butchered the governors who had been left to give fuller voice and strength to the endeavours of Roman rule.

The peace following the battle of Mons Badonicus is attested partly by Gildas, a monk, who wrote De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae or On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain during the middle of the sixth century.

Van Doesburg wrote Dada poetry himself in De Stijl, although under a pseudonym, I. K.

As Herbert wrote in De Religione Laici ( 1645 ),

In response, Luther wrote his De servo arbitrio ( On the Bondage of the Will ) ( 1525 ), which attacks the " Diatribe " and Erasmus himself, going so far as to claim that Erasmus was not a Christian.

Poetry and cruelty of life were harmonically combined in the works that Vittorio De Sica wrote and directed together with screenwriter Cesare Zavattini: among them, Shoeshine ( 1946 ), The Bicycle Thief ( 1948 ) and Miracle in Milan ( 1951 ).

Madero wrote to De la Barra, saying that Huerta's actions were unjustified and recommending that Zapata's demands be met.

" Michel De Coster, Professor at the Université de Liège wrote also: " The historians and the economists say that Belgium was the second industrial power of the world, in proportion to its population and its territory (...) But this rank is the one of Wallonia where the coal-mines, the blast furnaces, the iron and zinc factories, the wool industry, the glass industry, the weapons industry ... were concentrated "

The latter then took up the usage according to which one who remained for 44 days under excommunication came under the penalties executed by the State, and wrote his De incarcerandis fedelibus, in which he demanded that it should be legal for the excommunicated to appeal to the king and his council against the excommunication ; in this writing he laid open the entire case and in such a way that it was understood by the laity.

He then wrote a seven-volume account in Greek known to us as the Jewish War ( Latin Bellum Judaicum or De Bello Judaico ).

He also wrote works on sculpture, De Statua.

* Alberti wrote an influential work on architecture, De Re Aedificatoria, which by the 18th century had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.

* Apart from his treatises on the arts, Alberti also wrote: Philodoxus (" Lover of Glory ", 1424 ), De commodis litterarum atque incommodis (" On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Literary Studies ", 1429 ), Intercoenales (" Table Talk ", c. 1429 ), Della famiglia (" On the Family ", begun 1432 ) Vita S. Potiti (" Life of St. Potitus ", 1433 ), De iure ( On Law, 1437 ), Theogenius (" The Origin of the Gods ", c. 1440 ), Profugorium ab aerumna (" Refuge from Mental Anguish ",), Momus ( 1450 ) and De Iciarchia (" On the Prince ", 1468 ). These and other works were translated and printed in Venice by the humanist Cosimo Bartoli in 1586.

The German Renaissance specialist Georgius Agricola wrote works such as De re metallica ( On Metals, 1556 ) and De Natura Fossilium ( On the Nature of Rocks, 1546 ) which begin the scientific approach to the subject.