However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

However, the dispute between Alexander III, Antipope Victor IV and his successors Antipope Paschal III and Antipope Calixtus III ( who had the German imperial support ) continued until Frederick Barbarossa's defeat at the Legnano in 1176, after which Barbarossa finally ( in the Peace of Venice of 1177 ) recognized Alexander III as pope.

Hugh of St. Victor and Alexander of Hales alone express doubt, and characterize creationism as the more probable opinion.

When Pope Hadrian IV died in 1159, the divided cardinals elected two popes: Roland of Siena, who took the name of Alexander III, and Octavian of Rome who, though nominated by fewer cardinals, was supported by Frederick and assumed the name of Pope Victor IV.

A serious schism arose out of this conflict, and after Victor IV's death in 1164, two further antipopes were nominated in opposition to Alexander III: Paschal III ( 1164 – 1168 ) and Callistus III ( 1168 – 1178 ).

In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils, backed by del Río's friend Baron Alexander von Humboldt, incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium.

His students include Alexander Givental, Victor Vassiliev and Askold Khovanskii.

Pope Adrian IV ’ s death in 1159 saw the election of two rival popes ; Alexander III and the antipope Victor IV.

Alexander refused, and Frederick recognised Victor IV as the legitimate Pope in 1160.

In response, Alexander III excommunicated both Frederick I and Victor IV.

The death of the antipope Victor IV saw Frederick give his support to a new antipope, Paschal III, but he was soon driven from Rome which once again saw the return of Pope Alexander III in 1165.

* Esmeralda, opera by Alexander Dargomyzhsky ( 1847 ) based on the Victor Hugo novel.

Twelve issues of the main French edition of journal Internationale Situationniste were published, each issue edited by a different individual or group, including: Guy Debord, Mohamed Dahoiu, Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio, Maurice Wyckaert, Constant Nieuwenhuys, Asger Jorn, Helmut Sturm, Attila Kotanyi, Jørgen Nash, Uwe Lausen, Raoul Vaneigem, Michèle Bernstein, Jeppesen Victor Martin, Jan Stijbosch, Alexander Trocchi, Théo Frey, Mustapha Khayati, Donald Nicholson-Smith, René Riesel, and René Viénet.

Brodsky invited distinguished painters and pedagogues to teach at the Academy, namely Konstantin Yuon, Pavel Naumov, Boris Ioganson, Semion Abugov, Pavel Shillingovsky, Dmitry Kardovsky, Alexander Osmerkin, Nikolai Radlov, Yevgeny Lansere, Alexander Lubimov, Rudolf Frentz, Nikolai Petrov, Victor Sinaisky, Vasily Shukhaev, Dmitry Kiplik, Nikolai Punin, Vasily Meshkov, Mikhail Bernshtein, Efim Cheptsov, Ivan Bilibin, Matvey Manizer, Piotr Buchkin, Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, Alexander Karev, Leonid Ovsyannikov, Sergei Priselkov, Ivan Stepashkin, Konstantin Rudakov and others.

Their time and contemporaries, with all its images, ideas and dispositions found it full expression in portraits by Lev Russov, Victor Oreshnikov, Boris Korneev, Leonid Steele, Oleg Lomakin, Semion Rotnitsky, Vladimir Gorb, Samuil Nevelshtein, Engels Kozlov, in landscapes by Nikolai Timkov, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Sergei Osipov, Alexander Semionov, Arseny Semionov, Vasily Golubev, Nikolai Galakhov, Dmitry Maevsky, in genre paintings by Nikolai Pozdneev, Yuri Neprintsev, Yevsey Moiseenko, Andrey Milnikov, Nina Veselova, Mikhail Trufanov, Yuri Tulin, Mikhail Natarevich, and others.

* Robert J. Alexander, “ Victor Raúl Haya de la Torre and ‘ Indo-America ,’” in Prophets of the Revolution: Profiles of Latin American Leaders ( New York: Macmillan Company: 1962 ), 75-108.

While his collaborators include famous or notable figures such as Alexander Calder, Frank Stella, Lin Utzon, Victor Vasarely, Norman Carlberg ( a fellow but later student of Josef Albers ), and many others, by far the most important of the collaborators was his mentor Albers.

Decca started recording in stereo on 14 – 28 May 1954, in Victoria Hall in Geneva, the first European record company to do so, only three months after RCA Victor began recording in stereo in the U. S. Decca archives show that Ernest Ansermet and the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande recorded Tamara by Mily Balakirev ; the overture to Benvenuto Cellini by Hector Berlioz ; Stenka Razin by Alexander Glazunov ; and Anatoly Liadov's Baba-Yaga, Eight Russian Folksongs, and Kikimora.

Even in the UK, he experienced problems: his first British film, The Sleeping Tiger, a 1954 film noir crime thriller, bore the pseudonym Victor Hanbury, rather than his own name, in the credits as director, as the stars of the film, Alexis Smith and Alexander Knox, feared being blacklisted in Hollywood due to working on a film he directed.

Five successive popes ( Leo IX, Victor II, Stephen IX, Nicholas II and Alexander II ) excommunicated Stigand for holding both Winchester and Canterbury at the same time.

Written in FORTRAN Chaos started at RCA Systems Programming division in Cinnaminson, NJ with Fred Swartz and Victor Berman as first authors, Mike Alexander and others joined the team later and moved development to MTS at the UM Computing Center.

The original ideas of process theology were developed by Charles Hartshorne ( 1897 – 2000 ), and influenced a number of Jewish theologians, including British philosopher Samuel Alexander ( 1859 – 1938 ), and Rabbis Max Kadushin, Milton Steinberg and Levi A. Olan, Harry Slominsky, and Bradley Shavit Artson.

The book 1921: The Yankees, the Giants, and the Battle for Baseball Supremacy in New York by Lyle Spatz, Steve Steinberg, Charles C. Alexander, takes a look at how Mays had social problems with his teammates and how that actually led him to be sold to the Yankees from the Red Sox.

Steinberg has endowed scholarships at Alexander Hamilton High School, Corona Del Mar High School, and Newport Harbor High School, as well as endowing a classroom at Boalt Hall at the University of California at Berkeley.

Under the IDJ deal, she wrote with many pop songwriters such as Matthew Gerrard, Billy Steinberg, Alexander Kronlund, Ted Bruner, Christopher Rojas, Fernando Garibay, Desmond Child, Chantal Kreviazuk, Raine Maida, Jonnie " Most " Davis and Billy Mann, however, due to artistic differences she left the contract.

Steinberg and Alexander also wrote " All About Us ", a hit for the Russian pop duo t. A. T. u .. Steinberg and Alexander's recent work includes JoJo's 2006 single " Too Little Too Late " and Leigh Nash's " Nervous in the Light of Dawn ", " My Idea Of Heaven " and Katharine McPhee's " Over It " in 2007.

* European Archive Copyright free LP recording of the Piano Concerto No. 1 by Alexander Brailowsky ( piano ), William Steinberg ( conductor ) and RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra ( for non-American viewers only ) at the European Archive.

Notable Soviet Nonconformist artists from Moscow include: Ilya Kabakov, Oleg Vassiliev, Erik Bulatov, Komar and Melamid, Genia Chef, Leonid Sokov, Viktor Pivovarov, Ülo Sooster, Boris Sveshnikov, Vladimir Yakovlev, Anatoly Zverev, Lydia Masterkova, Vladimir Nemukhin, Ernst Neizvestny, Oscar Rabin, Vladimir Yankilevsky, Eduard Steinberg, Lev Kropivnitsky, Valentina Kropivnitskaia, Alexander Yulikov, Andrei Grositsky, Vasily Sitnikov, Dmitrii Krasnopevtsev, Leonid Lamm, Igor Shelkovsky, Edward Drobitsky, Julia Dolgorukova and others.

He commissioned art from Saul Steinberg, the then neophyte Andy Warhol, Alexander Calder, Willem de Kooning, and Fernand Léger.

* Habicht, Christian, Athens from Alexander to Antony, Havard 1997 ISBN 0-674-05111-4

A 1997 study published by The Gerontological Society of America concluded that Alexander Technique instruction shows signs of helping to improve balance and increase functional reach in women over the age of 65.

In 1997 it bought The Minet Group, as well as insurance brokerage Alexander & Alexander Services, Inc. in a deal that made Aon ( temporarily ) the largest insurance broker worldwide.

Alexander Luria's earlier work on neuropsychological processes lead to the PASS theory ( 1997 ).

* 1997 – Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Scottish chemist, Nobel laureate ( b. 1907 )

Concurrently with his Seinfeld role, Alexander provided the voice of the lead character in the cult animated series Duckman ( 1994 – 1997 ).

Fretwork has been most active in this regard, commissioning George Benjamin, Michael Nyman, Elvis Costello, Sir John Tavener, Orlando Gough, John Woolrich, Tan Dun, Alexander Goehr, Fabrice Fitch, Andrew Keeling, Thea Musgrave, Sally Beamish, Peter Sculthorpe, Gavin Bryars, Barrington Pheloung, Simon Bainbridge, Duncan Druce, Poul Ruders, Ivan Moody, and Barry Guy ; many of these compositions may be heard on their 1997 CD Sit Fast.

** Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1997 )

Among Besson's awards are the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film Critics Prize, Fantasporto Audience Jury Award-Special Mention, Best Director, and Best Film, for Le Dernier Combat in 1983 ; The Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon-Best Director-Foreign Film, for La Femme Nikita, 1990 ; the Alexander Korda Award for Best British Film, Nil by Mouth, 1997 ; and the Best Director Cesar Award, for The Fifth Element, 1997.

Hird married Tania Poynton on 11 October 1997 and they have four children – a daughter, Stephanie ( born April 1999 ) and three sons, Thomas ( born March 2001 ), Alexander ( born August 2003 ) and William ( born February 2009 ).

A Life in Pieces: Reflections on Alexander Trocchi ( 1997 )

* Georgia Dome and Alexander Memorial Coliseum, 1997 – 99 ( Hawks alternated between these two venues while new arena was under construction ; The Omni was demolished in the summer of 1997 )

* Stepanov, Alexander ( 1997 ) Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1472 – 1553 Parkstone, Bournemouth, England, ISBN 1-85995-266-6

In 1997, Norwood was hand-picked by executive producer Whitney Houston to play the title character in Rodgers and Hammerstein ’ s television version of Cinderella featuring a multi-cultural cast that also included Jason Alexander, Whoopi Goldberg, and Houston.

Coleman Alexander Young ( May 24, 1918 – November 29, 1997 ) served as mayor of Detroit in the U. S. state of Michigan from 1974 to 1993.

** Prince Alexander Théodore Charles Marie of Nassau, elder son of Prince Robert, was born on April 18, 1997.

* Part 1 of TiHKAL: The Continuation ( 1997 ) by Dr. Alexander and Ann Shulgin continues the fictionalized autobiography begun in PiHKAL ( Part 2 is non-fiction ).

Frankl died on 2 September 1997, of heart failure and was survived by his wife Eleonore, his daughter Dr. Gabriele Frankl-Vesely, his grandchildren Katharina and Alexander, and his great-granddaughter Anna Viktoria.

Alexander LaVelle " Xander " Harris is a fictional character created for the fantasy television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 1997 – 2003 ).

* A previous marriage to Grant Chambers, whom her son Rick Forrester would shoot in 1997, causing Grant to divorce Brooke and immediately get involved with Macy Alexander before he died of cancer in 1998.

* Hammond, N. G. L. ( 1997 ) The Genius of Alexander the Great.