Although collectively this choice was made freely, religious Jews believe that it created individual obligation for the descendants of the Israelites.

Although size distinctions were taken account of, any grouping of men on a mission could collectively be called an impi, whether a raiding party of 100 or horde of 10, 000.

Although the Ming capital Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng ( who established the Shun Dynasty, soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty ), regimes loyal to the Ming throne — collectively called the Southern Ming — survived until 1662.

Although some work has been done on anarchy, autocracy, revolution, and even war, the bulk of the study in this area has concerned the fundamental problem of collectively choosing constitutional rules.

Although most Shiites do not hold the view that Muhammad's son-in-law Imam Ali was God incarnate, a variety of heterodox Shiite sects collectively called Ghulat ( for " exagerated ")-such as the Alevi, Alawi, Ahl-e Haqq, and more arguably the Bektashi-believe that Imam Ali was God.

Although the United States Constitution refers to " Electors " and " electors ", the name " Electoral College " — or any other name — is never used to describe the electors collectively.

Although the pope thereupon revised the text of the Bull and reissued it under the original date, he incarcerated Bonagrazia and in the Bull " Cum inter nonnullos " ( 12 November 1323 ) declared heretical the assertion that Christ and the Apostles possessed no property either separately or collectively.

This should not however be construed to reflect a view of a primordial opposition: Although the daevas would in later Zoroastrian tradition appear as malign creatures, in the Gathas the daevas are ( collectively ) gods that are to be rejected.

Although the first generation of leaders ruled collectively for only part of the period, and Mao Zedong was to a large extent a paramount, autocratic leader for most of the period, the successive leaders from the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 until Mao's death and the dismantling of the power of his closest deputies in 1976, are now referred to retrospectively as the " first generation " of leaders in official discourse.

Although never documented by IBM, an alternative planar 256 color mode is available by " unchaining " the video ram ; video modes created using this technique are collectively called Mode X.

Although actually four completely unrelated issues, they became known collectively as " The Attic Bug ".

* The Twins – Although one is called Eck ( short for Alexander ), they are always referred to collectively, with few exceptions having Granpaw calling them: " ae twin " and " the ither twin ") – rambunctious youngsters usually adding to the chaos with a fistfight or a good game of cowboys and Indians.

Although none sell in huge numbers, there are so many niche products that collectively they make a significant profit, and that is what made highly innovative Amazon. com so successful.

Although ' Northern Rhodesia ' was not an official name until 1911 when North-Western and North-Eastern Rhodesia were combined, the name was used informally from 1895 onwards when referring to those two territories collectively.

Arborfield is a village in Berkshire about south-east of Reading, about west of Wokingham, and about west of the sister village of Arborfield Cross ( Although recently, both Arborfield and Arborfield Cross have become collectively known as Arborfield, and there are no signs marking the boundary between Arborfield and Arborfield Cross )

Although the two museums ' names have not changed, they are collectively known as the Donald W. Reynolds Center for American Art and Portraiture.

Although the colonists came mostly from the western Holy Roman Empire and generally spoke Franconian dialects, they were collectively known as Saxons because of Germans working for the Hungarian chancellery.

Although all the plants are technically separate in that each has its own root system, they are collectively considered to be one of the oldest living plant clones.

Although these thin tablets are often highly fragmentary, collectively they present a shared scenario of the passage into the afterlife.

Although it opposed the disruption of war production by strikes, it supported an eight-hour day for workers, equal pay for women, and the right to organize unions and bargain collectively.

Although Crozier asked the team to collectively pitch in, they still did not have enough money.

Although closely associated and collectively referred to as the Guyamí, the Ngäbe and Buglé are two separate linguistic / indigenous groups whose languages are mutually unintelligble.

Although the peninsula begins east of Riverhead hamlet, the term North Fork can also refer collectively to all the hamlets and villages within the townships of Town of Riverhead and Town of Southold on the east end of Long Island.

Although these campaigns are collectively known as the " Portuguese Colonial War ", there were in fact three different ones: the Angolan Independence War, the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence and the Mozambican War of Independence.

Although not called as such, machines performing the role recognizable as artillery have been employed in warfare since antiquity.

Although the Greeks and Romans typically scorned Egypt's animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive ( Anubis was known to be mockingly called " Barker " by the Greeks ), Anubis was sometimes associated with Sirius in the heavens, and Cerberus in Hades.

Although its author is unknown, its themes and subject matter are rooted in Germanic heroic poetry, in Anglo-Saxon tradition recited and cultivated by Old English poets called scops.

Although the above rules are in some way universal, Confucius would be called an ethical particularist because of how he interprets these rules.

Although the Bogotá junta called itself a " Supreme Junta of the New Kingdom of Granada ," it failed to provide political unity, and battles broke out between cities and towns as each tried to defend its sovereignty.

Although he is best known for discovering the dwarf planet Pluto in 1930, the first object to be discovered in what would later be identified as the Kuiper belt, Tombaugh also discovered many asteroids ; he also called for serious scientific research of unidentified flying objects.

Although often considered an Arian, Constantius ultimately preferred a third, compromise version that lay somewhere in between Arianism and the Nicene Creed, retrospectively called Semi-Arianism.

Although Constans called the Council of Sardica in 343 to settle the conflict, it was a complete failure and by 346 the two emperors were on the point of open warfare over the religious dispute.

Although the CPS called itself a grass-roots movement, it had no members and was financed by The 61, " a private sector operational intelligence agency " said by its founder, Brian Crozier, to be funded by " rich individuals and a few private companies ".

Although Chernenko had called for renewed détente with the West, little progress was made towards closing the rift in East − West relations during his rule.

Although no official membership figures are published, the Columbia Encyclopedia gives an estimated figure of 50, 000 Christadelphians, who are spread across approximately 120 countries ; there are established churches ( or ecclesias, as they are often called ) in many of those countries, along with isolated members.

Although the Church of the Holy Sepulchre has its tomb just a few yards away from its Golgotha, there is no particular reason to regard this close juxtaposition as a necessity ; however, Gordon followed this principle, concluding that his site for Golgotha must also be the approximate location for Jesus ' burial, identifying a nearby tomb, now called the Garden Tomb, as the location for the event.

Although the first recorded dictionaries date back to Sumerian times ( these were bilingual dictionaries ), the systematic study of dictionaries as objects of scientific interest themselves is a 20th century enterprise, called lexicography, and largely initiated by Ladislav Zgusta.

Although Dada itself was unknown in Georgia until at least 1920, from 1917-1921 a group of poets called themselves " 41st Degree " ( referring both to the latitude of Tbilisi, Georgia and to the temperature of a high fever ) organized along Dadaist lines.

Although unsuccessful, he made a two-stroke toy engine in 1919, called Des Knaben Wunsch —" the boy's desire ".

Although a third party, called a clearing house, insures a futures contract, not all derivatives are insured against counter-party risk.

Although the contract called for the purchase of 12 Kfirs and an option to purchase an additional 12, Ecuador acquired only the original group, at a price estimated at US $ 196 million.

Although generally called a war novel, the author states that he " see The Time in Between as a war novel ".

Although its decisions are accepted by all Christians, and still observed in full by the Greek Orthodox, and later definitions of an ecumenical council appear to conform to this sole biblical Council, no Christian church calls it a mere ecumenical council, instead it is called the " Apostolic Council " or " Council of Jerusalem ".

Although Abel had already proved the impossibility of a " quintic formula " by radicals in 1824 and Ruffini had published a solution in 1799 that turned out to be flawed, Galois ' methods led to deeper research in what is now called Galois theory.

Although a digital filter can be an IIR filter if the algorithm implementing it includes feedback, it is also possible to easily implement a filter whose impulse truly goes to zero after N time steps ; this is called a finite impulse response ( FIR ) filter.

The Enzo was Ferrari's fastest model at the time, and was introduced and named in honor of the company's founder, Enzo Ferrari ( Although it was to be called the F60, continuing on from the F40 and F50, but Ferrari was so pleased with it, they called it the Enzo instead ).

Although he did not know the physical basis for heredity, Mendel observed that organisms inherit traits via discrete units of inheritance, which are now called genes.

Although native to Ghent, he punished the city after the 1539 Revolt of Ghent and obliged the city's nobles to walk in front of the emperor barefoot with a noose ( Dutch: strop ) around the neck ; since this incident, the people of Ghent have been called " Stroppendragers " ( noose bearers ).