The Turkish language and the Islamic religion were gradually introduced as a result of the Seljuk conquest, and this period marks the start of Anatolia's slow transition from predominantly Christian and Indo-European and Semitic-speaking, to predominantly Muslim and Turkish-speaking ( Although some ethnic groups such as Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians and Georgians retained Christianity and their native languages ).

Although in his later years, towards the end of the Trojan War, his old opponents took his side again against the Greeks under their queen Penthesilea " of Thracian birth ", who was slain by Achilles.

Although he sympathised with the Greeks, and held a deep mistrust of the defeated Muslims, he was reluctant to support America's involvement in continuing wars far from home.

Although primitive state-forms existed before the rise of the Ancient Greek empire, the Greeks were the first people known to have explicitly formulated a political philosophy of the state, and to have rationally analyzed political institutions.

Although this view was held by Greeks like Heraclitus, it has existed only on the fringe of the Western tradition since then.

Although the citadel was built by Greeks, the name is not thought to be Greek, but is rather one of the many pre-Greek place names inherited by the immigrant Hellenes.

Although the Ancient Greeks had no separate word for logic as distinct from language and reason, Aristotle's newly coined word " syllogism " ( syllogismos ) identified logic clearly for the first time as a distinct field of study.

Although the Greeks were allowed to settle in St. Augustine as free persons, many had already died and two of their leaders were hanged by the English as an example to other indentured servants and slaves.

Although Achaean Greeks were living in Cyprus from the 14th century, most of them inhabited the island after the Trojan war.

Although they lured mariners, for the Greeks the Sirens in their " meadow starred with flowers " were not sea deities.

Although Julius Caesar recorded that the druids of Gaul, Britain and Ireland had metempsychosis as one of their core doctrines, there is no indication that it was significantly related to that concept among the Greeks.

Although the Greeks are unable to take the citadel, they pillage the town and set fires that burn Sardis to the ground.

Although his work now only survives in fragments, he was revered by the ancient Greeks as one of their most brilliant authors, able to be mentioned in the same breath as Homer and Hesiod, yet he was also censured by them as the archetypal poet of blame — his invectives were even said to have driven his former fiancee and her father to suicide.

Although he is mentioned only briefly in Homer's Iliad, in which Hera takes Stentor's character to encourage the Greeks to fight, his name has been living in the term " stentorian " voice, meaning loud-voiced, for which he was famous: Homer said his " voice was as powerful as fifty voices of other men ".

Although scholars today agree that the Mycenean Greeks descend from the " Minyans " of the Middle Helladic period, they question Caskey's suggestion that ( proto-Greek ) Indo-European invaders destroyed Early Helladic II settlements throughout Greece.

Although successful against the Greeks, Artaxerxes had more trouble with the Egyptians, who had successfully revolted against him at the beginning of his reign.

Although enslavement of Greeks for non-payment of debt continued in most Greek states, it was banned at Athens under Solon in the early 6th century BC.

Although they were vastly outnumbered, the Greeks were able to kill Mardonius ; his death precipitated the Persian rout that followed.

Although they were inclined to come to terms with Pyrrhus, supply him money and send him ships once friendly relations were established, he demanded that Carthage abandon all of Sicily and make the Libyan Sea a boundary between themselves and the Greeks.

Although Xerxes ' army was vast the defending Greeks were able to hold their ground for days by using a narrow mountain pass to slow the Persian advance.

Although Beta Crucis, " Becrux ", is at roughly − 60 ° declination, and therefore not visible north of 30 °, in the time of the ancient Greeks and Romans it was visible north of 40 ° due to the precession of equinoxes, and these civilizations regarded it as part of the constellation Centaurus.

Although he threatened the British with unilateral withdrawal, his government maintained the Greek Army's positions, not being able to shoulder the political cost of abandoning Asia Minor and the many Greeks living there to Turkish reprisals.

Although the Romans declared the " freedom of the Greeks ", the war marked a significant stage in increasing Roman intervention in the affairs of the eastern Mediterranean which would eventually lead to their conquest of the entire region.

Although Romans who had been adopted into a new family usually retained their old nomen in cognomen form ( e. g. Octavianus for one who had been an Octavius, Aemilianus for one who had been an Aemilius, etc.

Although most of the legions were lost, about 10, 000 Romans cut their way through to safety, maintaining unit cohesion.

Although the Carthaginians conquered much of the land around Alicante, the Romans would eventually rule Hispania Tarraconensis for over 700 years.

Although probably on friendly terms with the Romans in the early 1st century, there is little evidence of the Peucini until ca.

Although he was aware that the Bastarnae were hardly likely to achieve the same success as Hannibal some 40 years earlier, and would most likely end up cut to pieces by the Romans, Philip hoped that the Romans would be distracted long enough to allow him to reoccupy his former possessions in Greece.

Although the Romans inflicted heavy losses on the enemy, two-thirds of the Caledonian army escaped and hid in the Scottish marshes and Highlands, ultimately preventing Agricola from bringing the entire British island under his control.

Although the Romans won a clear victory over the Carthaginian relief force at the Battle of Agrigentum, the Carthaginian army defending the city managed to escape.

Although the Romans defeated the Carthaginian fleet and were successful in rescuing its army in Africa, a storm destroyed nearly the entire Roman fleet on the trip home ; the number of casualties in the disaster may have exceeded 90, 000 men.

Although a truce was signed in 441, war resumed two years later with another failure by the Romans to deliver the tribute.

Although mining had long been practised in Britain ( see Grimes Graves ), the Romans introduced new technical knowledge and large-scale industrial production to revolutionise the industry.

Although the Romans had failed to conquer Caledonia they attempted to maintain control through military outposts and built a few roads.

Although the undeniable tactical success left the Roman army in control of the battlefield, the Persian capital was not taken, the main Persian army was still at large and approaching, while the Romans lacked a clear strategical objective.

Although the result initially appeared uncertain, the Romans were victorious.

Although Stephen was subject to Alberic II of Spoleto, Prince of the Romans, and did not in reality rule the Papal States, Stephen himself was not a member of that family, nor had he any relationship with Marozia, who had dominated Roman and papal politics during the preceding decades.

Although Hannibal surprised the Romans and thoroughly beat them on the battlefields of Italy, he lost his only siege engines and most of his elephants to the cold temperatures and icy mountain paths.

Although it is often thought of as a British native wild flower, or to have been brought to the British Isles by the Romans, it was probably introduced around the early sixteenth century and is currently not a protected species in the UK.

Although the two dignities of King of the Romans and King of Bohemia added considerably to his importance, and indeed made him the nominal temporal head of Christendom, they conferred no increase of power and financially embarrassed him.

Although particularly associated with the Romans, aqueducts were devised much earlier in Greece and the Near East and Indian subcontinent, where peoples such as the Egyptians and Harappans built sophisticated irrigation systems.

Although Sassari was founded in the early Middle Ages, the surrounding area has been inhabited since the Neolithic age, and throughout ancient history, by the Nuragics and the Romans.

Although the Roman infantry successfully cross the English channel, the cavalry fail to cross, putting the Romans at a disadvantage.

Although less visible level to the modern observer, ancient Romans developments in housing and public hygiene are impressive, especially given their day and age.

Although the classical Scythians may have largely disappeared by the 1st century BC, Eastern Romans continued to speak conventionally of " Scythians " to designate Germanic tribes and confederations or mounted Eurasian nomadic barbarians in general: in 448 AD two mounted " Scythians " led the emissary Priscus to Attila's encampment in Pannonia.

Although inexperienced in sea battles, the Romans, led by consul Gaius Duilius Nepos, heavily defeat the Carthaginian fleet, mainly due to the innovative use of land tactics in naval warfare ( including the use of the grappling irons and the corvus boarding bridge ).