Although central banks today are generally associated with fiat money, the 19th and early 20th centuries central banks in most of Europe and Japan developed under the international gold standard, elsewhere free banking or currency boards were more usual at this time.

Although at present the majority of M & A advice is provided by full-service investment banks, recent years have seen a rise in the prominence of specialist M & A advisers, who only provide M & A advice ( and not financing ).

Although sluggish and shallow, the river sometimes overflows its low banks, forming temporary swamps and flooding villages.

Although foreign banks operate branches in Seychelles, the government owns the two local banks — the Development Bank of Seychelles, which mobilizes resources to fund development programs, and the Seychelles Saving Bank, a bank for savings and current accounts.

Although historically not designed or used as towpaths, acequia ditch banks also are popular recreational trails.

Although it is situated on the banks of a river, Bucharest has never functioned as a port city, with other Romanian cities such as Constanța and Galați acting as the country's main ports.

Although taken by surprise, Edward's men resisted stoutly, beating back Somerset's attack among the hedges and banks.

Although the Eradicator's effects ( altering the DNA of all Kryptonian life-forms so that they would instantly die upon leaving the planet ) were felt immediately, the Destroyer's effects were possibly more significant: By the time the Kryptonian government admitted defeat and abolished the clone banks, a pro-clone rights terrorist faction known as Black Zero had started the Destroyer, a device which functioned as a giant nuclear gun, projecting massive streams of nuclear energy into the core of Krypton, intended to trigger an explosive chain reaction within Krypton's core almost immediately.

Although small shops and manufacturers had been built on the banks of the Willimantic before, this was the beginning of industrialized Willimantic.

Although nearby Madisonville, a settlement established along the stagecoach route on the Natchez Trace, had a race track, two banks, a wagon factory and at least one hotel, its residents gradually moved to the new town.

Although the town is mostly abandoned today, and is nearly a ghost town, during the early 1900s Fallis was a whistle-stop for several railroad lines, and was a thriving little community with stores, hotels, banks, lumber yards, and other businesses, as well as a city hall.

Although the community was affected by the Great Depression, both of its banks – the Menard National Bank and Bevans State Bank – remained open.

Although the last several decades have brought a higher percentage of visitor-oriented retail stores, the downtown still retains a U. S. post office, banks, restaurants, and a barber shop.

Although these principles have been applied in varying degrees by historical Islamic economies due to lack of Islamic practice, only in the late 20th century were a number of Islamic banks formed to apply these principles to private or semi-private commercial institutions within the Muslim community.

Although commercial traffic ceased, the navigation continued to derive income from water abstraction and from the sale of wood from the willows which grow along the banks.

Although most of the assumptions and expectations made by the Central Banks or Reserve Banks by countries ( and economies ) that by technically lowering the interest rate would produce the effect of increasing investments and consumptions, however, low interest rate by macro-economic policy is also risky and would also lead to the creation of massive economic bubble, when great amount of investments are poured into the real estate market and stock market, as what Japan experienced in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the large numbers of accounts of unpaid debts to the Japanese Banks and bankruptcy of these banks and caused stagflation to the local Japanese Economy ( Japan being the second largest economy at the time ), with exports becoming the last pillar for the growth of Japanese economy throughout the rest of 1990s and early 2000.

Although primarily dealing with the savings and loan crisis, CEBA also established a moratorium to March 1, 1988, on banking regulator actions to approve bank or affiliate securities activities, applied the affiliation restrictions of Glass-Steagall Sections 20 and 32 to all FDIC insured banks during the moratorium, and eliminated the “ nonbank bank ” loophole for new FDIC insured banks ( whether they took only deposits or made only commercial loans ) except industrial loan companies.

Although Boyd ’ s 1999 essay was directed at “ universal banking ” that permitted commercial banks to own equity interests in non-financial firms ( i. e., “ commercial firms ”), the essay was interpreted more broadly to mean that “ expanding bank powers, by, for example, allowing nonbank firms to affiliate with banks, prior to undertaking reforms limiting TBTF-like coverage for uninsured bank creditors is putting the ‘ cart before the horse .’”

Although he rejected this scholarship, Martin Mayer wrote in 1997 that since the late 1980s it had been “ clear ” that continuing the Glass-Steagall prohibitions was only “ permitting a handful of large investment houses and hedge funds to charge monopoly rents for their services without protecting corporate America, investors, or the banks .” Hyman Minsky, who disputed the benefits of “ universal banking ,” wrote in 1995 testimony prepared for Congress that “ repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, in itself, would neither benefit nor harm the economy of the United States to any significant extent .” In 1974 Mayer had quoted Minsky as stating a 1971 presidential commission ( the “ Hunt Commission ”) was repeating the errors of history when it proposed relaxing Glass-Steagall and other legislation from the 1930s.

Although the market share of financial holding companies among the 25 largest securities firms had increased by 5. 7 percentage points from that held in 1999 before the GLBA became effective, all of the increase came from foreign banks increasing their U. S. securities operations.

Although Michel Barnier, European Union internal market Commissioner, proposed limits on capital requirements for banks that could have hindered the UK ringfencing proposal and indicated support for the French and German position against breaking up banking groups, in November 2011 he announced an “ expert commission ” would “ study the mandatory separation of risky investment banking activities from traditional retail lenders .”

Although the peak season at the lake is the summer, Balaton is also frequented during the winter, when visitors go ice-fishing or even skate, sledge, or ice-sail on the lake if it freezes over.

Although there is an extreme scarcity of data from Australia ( for both the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age ) evidence from wave-built shingle terraces for a permanently full Lake Eyre during the 9th and 10th centuries is consistent with this La Niña-like configuration, though of itself inadequate to show how lake levels varied from year to year or what climatic conditions elsewhere in Australia were like.

Although the extreme lack of water in the Great Basin makes this distinction of little current practical use, it does mean that in wetter times the lake that once filled Death Valley ( Lake Manly ) was the last stop for water flowing in the region, meaning the water there was saturated in dissolved materials.

Although it has been called " America's Dead Sea ", the lake provides habitat for millions of native birds, brine shrimp, shorebirds, and waterfowl, including the largest staging population of Wilson's Phalarope in the world.

Although brine shrimp can be found in the arm of the lake north of the causeway, studies conducted by the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources indicate that these are likely transient.

Although rivers and canals often provide passage between two large lakes or a lake and a sea, and these seem to suit the formal definition of straits, they are not usually referred to as such.

Although Fleur du Lac is private property and no one is allowed ashore there, the boathouses and multi-million dollar condominiums may be viewed from the lake.

Although reclaimed for farming late in the 19th century, it was the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes.

Although the Bureau states there is no water, the lake covers about 1600 acres ( 6. 5 km² or 2. 5 sq mi ).

Although campgrounds and marinas were springing up around the lake, the city was struggling.

Although the entire area surrounding the lake is developed, in the 2000 Census the CDP is limited to Ross Township.

Although isolated and definitely northern, it was an attractive base for its pleasing North Woods location and its proximity to outdoor activities off the base, including hunting, fishing, boating, and winter sports including skiing at Marquette Mountain recreational area, as well as the venues on site ( base lake, ski hill, and others ).

Although Briar Creek is one of the smaller boroughs in Pennsylvania, It is home to many acres of farmland, a golf course, and a lake.

Although highways run within sight of the lake shore for much of Tahoe's perimeter, many important parts of the shoreline now lie within state parks or are protected by the United States Forest Service.

Although thirteen species of fish are native to the lake, only the Utah sucker and the critically endangered June sucker remain.

Although snow covers Crater Lake National Park for eight months of the year ( average annual snowfall is ), the lake rarely freezes over due in part to a relatively mild onshore flow from the Pacific Ocean.

Although it is surrounded by snow-capped peaks, it never freezes ; hence its name, which means " hot lake " in the Kyrgyz language ( in Chinese texts ).

Although now dry, the lake occasionally reappears during floods following unusually high levels of snow melt, as it did in 1997.

Although Kilwa Island is closer to the western shore, it was allocated to Northern Rhodesia, and consequently Zambia has 58 % of the lake waters, and DR Congo 42 %.

Although the British crews and troops involved in the raid were subsequently returned to other duties, the American naval commander on the lake, Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough, was unable to construct a flotilla of gunboats to counter the British vessels until late August.

Although efforts to remove the plant have been underway, the plant – which can double its size every 48 hours – occupies over 130 million cubic metres of the lake.

Although it is common to refer to the entire body of water as The Serpentine, strictly the name refers only to the eastern half of the lake.

"( Procopius " Περί κτισμάτων " / On buildings, book IV, 1. 3 ) Although Prokopios refers to it as " a city of Thessaly " the description is undoubtedly that of Kastoria, a city on a promontory in a lake. There are several theories about the origin of the name Kastoria.