Although Brewster patented kaleidoscope in 1817 ( GB 4136 ), a copy of the prototype was shown to London opticians and copied before the patent was granted.

Although a crank seemed the obvious solution to the conversion Watt and Boulton were stymied by a patent for this, whose holder, James Pickard, and associates proposed to cross-license the external condenser.

Although the patent guaranteed land rights under force of law for the indigenous inhabitants it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters.

Although trade secrets law evolved under state common law, prior to 1974, the question of whether patent law preempted state trade secrets law had been unanswered.

Although the impetus for a tubular valve began as early as 1793, it was not until 1818 that Friedrich Bluhmel and Heinrich Stölzel made a joint patent application for the box valve as manufactured by W. Schuster.

Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he manufactured a prior design from Henry Odgen Holmes, for which Holmes filed a patent in 1796.

Although Teller and Ulam submitted a joint report on their design and jointly applied for a patent on it, they soon became involved in a dispute over who deserved credit.

Although he spent many years in court attempting to enforce his patent against planters who made unauthorized copies, a change in patent law ultimately made his claim legally enforceable – too late for him to make much money from the device in the single year remaining before the patent expired.

Although the first gas street lamps were installed in Paris, London, and Berlin at the beginning of the 1820s and the first U. S. patent on a gas stove was granted in 1825, it was not until the late 19th century that using gas for lighting and cooking became commonplace in urban areas.

Although a land patent for the grant required the completion of a geographical survey before issuance, some of Manuel Martinez ' heirs began to sell the land to Anglo speculators.

Although the patent had been granted on an extraction technique, the Indian press described it as a patent on the neem tree itself ; the result was widespread public outcry, echoed throughout the developing world.

Although Fuller was not the original inventor, he developed the intrinsic mathematics of the dome, thereby allowing popularization of the idea — for which he received U. S. patent 2, 682, 235 29 June 1954.

Although it is not the only means to maintain a patent airway during general anesthesia, intubation of the trachea provides the most reliable means of oxygenation and ventilation and the greatest degree of protection against regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration.

Although it offers the greatest degree of protection against regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration, tracheal intubation is not the only means to maintain a patent airway.

Although Gerhard Fisher was the first person granted a patent for a metal detector, the first to apply was Shirl Herr, a businessman from Crawfordsville, Indiana.

Although the principle of the crank had long been known, Pickard managed to obtain a 12-year patent in 1780 for the specific application of the crank to steam engines ; this was a setback to Boulton and Watt who got round the patent by applying the sun and planet motion to their advanced double-acting rotative engine of 1782.

Although successful at this for the most part, his preoccupation with marketing strategies and patent protection caused him to miss a great opportunity in firearms development when he dismissed an idea from one of his gunsmiths, Rollin White.

Although this patent did not result in any commercial interest, Gijsbertus Adrianus Panhuise could be considered as the originator of KiteSurfing.

Although neither born nor created a Princess by letters patent, the Princess was entitled to style herself as a British Princess due to her recognised marriage to a prince who was the son of a monarch ( See: British princess ).

Although amaranth was cultivated on a large scale in ancient Mexico, Guatemala, and Peru, nowadays it is only cultivated on a small scale there, along with India, China, Nepal, and other tropical countries ; thus, there is potential for further cultivation in those countries, as well as in the U. S. In a 1977 article in Science, amaranth was described as " the crop of the future.

Although he described his method as translating " sometimes word for word, sometimes sense for sense ," Alfred's translation actually keeps very close to his original, although through his choice of language he blurred throughout the distinction between spiritual and secular authority.

Although black is sometimes described as an " achromatic ", or hueless, color, in practice it can be considered a color, as in expressions like " black cat " or " black paint ".

Although his success lasted only a year and a half before his death in an airplane crash, Holly is described by critic Bruce Eder as " the single most influential creative force in early rock and roll.

Although the film would have comic moments, Chaplin described it as first and foremost a romantic film.

Although most cranberries are wet-picked as described above, 5 – 10 % of the US crop is still dry-picked.

Although Kent is described in the show introduction as " mild-mannered ", he can be very assertive, often giving orders to people and taking authoritative command of situations, though, as in the Pre-Crisis Superman stories at that time, Clark is still considered the secret identity.

Although the Casimir effect can be expressed in terms of virtual particles interacting with the objects, it is best described and more easily calculated in terms of the zero-point energy of a quantized field in the intervening space between the objects.

Although not described as a democracy by the founding fathers, the United States founders also shared a determination to root the American experiment in the principle of natural freedom and equality.

Although Sonam Gyatso became the first lama to have the title " Dalai Lama " as described above, since he was the third member of his lineage, he became known as the " Third Dalai Lama ".

Although bacteriophages were first described in 1927, it was only in 1959 that Sinshemer working with phage Phi X 174 showed that they could possess single stranded DNA genomes.

Although officially classified as a torpedo boat in 1898 by the US Navy, the, a long all steel vessel displacing 165 tons, was described by her commander, LT. John C. Fremont, as "... a compact mass of machinery not meant to keep the sea nor to live in ... as five sevenths of the ship are taken up by machinery and fuel, whilst the remaining two sevenths, fore and aft, are the crew's quarters ; officers forward and the men placed aft.

Although Thomas described himself as the " Rimbaud of Cwmdonkin Drive ", he stated that the phrase " Swansea's Rimbaud " was coined by poet Roy Campbell.

Although the details of each particular elliptic curve scheme are described in the article referenced above some common implementation considerations are discussed here.

Although genealogy information described in Shaku Nihongi leaves room for discussion, many scholars acknowledge the blood relationship with the Okinaga clan, a powerful local ruling family or the collateral line of the Imperial family-governed Oumi region ( a part of present-day Shiga Prefecture ).

Although film noir was originally associated with American productions, films now so described have been made around the world.

Although the pre-war establishment had been split by the Civil War, both of the opposing main factions regarded all radical groups as agitators for change, and they are described as such in the Historical Collections of John Rushworth that document events of the early period, and by the Journals of the House of Commons which cover the period of the Republic itself.

Although Ireland's political spectrum was traditionally divided along Civil War lines, rather than the traditional European left-right spectrum, Fine Gael is described generally as a centre-right, Christian democratic party, with a focus on law and order, enterprise and reward, and fiscal rectitude.

Although he spoke with apprehension at his award speech about the danger which the authority of the prize would lend to an economist, the prize brought much greater public awareness of Hayek and has been described by his biographer as " the great rejuvenating event in his life ".

Although the gentility passed down the generations, the prosperity did not ; Eric Blair described his family as " lower-upper-middle class ".

Although the shooter claimed an obsession for " Goth ", his favorite music list was described, by the media, as a " who's who of heavy metal.

Although languages that are described as having imperfective and perfective aspects agree in most cases in their use of these aspects, they may not agree in every situation.

Although described as a Union of Crowns, until 1707 there were in fact two separate Crowns resting on the same head.

Although the described person may reside on completely flat terrain, hillbilly is substituted in place of more disparaging terms, such as white trash.

Although the Syrian hamster or golden hamster ( Mesocricetus auratus ) was first described scientifically in 1839, researchers were not able to successfully breed and domesticate hamsters until 1939.