Although Brewster patented kaleidoscope in 1817 ( GB 4136 ), a copy of the prototype was shown to London opticians and copied before the patent was granted.

Although a crank seemed the obvious solution to the conversion Watt and Boulton were stymied by a patent for this, whose holder, James Pickard, and associates proposed to cross-license the external condenser.

Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including " cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways ", it was not until several months after the patent was granted that Edison and his team discovered a carbonized bamboo filament that could last over 1, 200 hours.

Although trade secrets law evolved under state common law, prior to 1974, the question of whether patent law preempted state trade secrets law had been unanswered.

Although the impetus for a tubular valve began as early as 1793, it was not until 1818 that Friedrich Bluhmel and Heinrich Stölzel made a joint patent application for the box valve as manufactured by W. Schuster.

Although Whitney patented his own design for a cotton gin, he manufactured a prior design from Henry Odgen Holmes, for which Holmes filed a patent in 1796.

Although Teller and Ulam submitted a joint report on their design and jointly applied for a patent on it, they soon became involved in a dispute over who deserved credit.

Although he spent many years in court attempting to enforce his patent against planters who made unauthorized copies, a change in patent law ultimately made his claim legally enforceable – too late for him to make much money from the device in the single year remaining before the patent expired.

Although the first gas street lamps were installed in Paris, London, and Berlin at the beginning of the 1820s and the first U. S. patent on a gas stove was granted in 1825, it was not until the late 19th century that using gas for lighting and cooking became commonplace in urban areas.

Although a land patent for the grant required the completion of a geographical survey before issuance, some of Manuel Martinez ' heirs began to sell the land to Anglo speculators.

Although the patent had been granted on an extraction technique, the Indian press described it as a patent on the neem tree itself ; the result was widespread public outcry, echoed throughout the developing world.

Although Fuller was not the original inventor, he developed the intrinsic mathematics of the dome, thereby allowing popularization of the idea — for which he received U. S. patent 2, 682, 235 29 June 1954.

Although it is not the only means to maintain a patent airway during general anesthesia, intubation of the trachea provides the most reliable means of oxygenation and ventilation and the greatest degree of protection against regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration.

Although it offers the greatest degree of protection against regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration, tracheal intubation is not the only means to maintain a patent airway.

Although Gerhard Fisher was the first person granted a patent for a metal detector, the first to apply was Shirl Herr, a businessman from Crawfordsville, Indiana.

Although the principle of the crank had long been known, Pickard managed to obtain a 12-year patent in 1780 for the specific application of the crank to steam engines ; this was a setback to Boulton and Watt who got round the patent by applying the sun and planet motion to their advanced double-acting rotative engine of 1782.

Although successful at this for the most part, his preoccupation with marketing strategies and patent protection caused him to miss a great opportunity in firearms development when he dismissed an idea from one of his gunsmiths, Rollin White.

Although this patent did not result in any commercial interest, Gijsbertus Adrianus Panhuise could be considered as the originator of KiteSurfing.

Although neither born nor created a Princess by letters patent, the Princess was entitled to style herself as a British Princess due to her recognised marriage to a prince who was the son of a monarch ( See: British princess ).

Although freedom of the press and speech are guaranteed, the government maintains its monopoly over television and radio broadcasting.

Although the Meiji Constitution had a section devoted to the " rights and duties of subjects ", which guaranteed " liberty of speech, writing, publication, public meetings, and associations ", these rights were granted " within the limits of law ".

Although its constitution guaranteed its members the right to refuse to work alongside Communists, or a member of a Communist front organization, Actors ' Equity never banned any members.

Although the operating system now runs on different hardware architectures ( S servers with / 390 architecture and SR2000 servers for the MIPS architecture ), object-compatible execution is guaranteed for BS2000 applications.

Although the standard was supposed to guarantee a victory for the bearer's forces, it also guaranteed the bearer's death.

Although this will be guaranteed to boost the retail facilities and catchment area of Dunbar, attracting people from Berwick and Haddington to come, there is a fear it might bring congestion to the site and will lead to the decline of the present town centre shops especially the Co-op.

Although the constitution guaranteed civil rights and liberties, they meant almost nothing in practice, and Malawi was essentially a police state.

Although Fausch intended to play every game in Evansville, he chose at this point to receive a guaranteed sum from the Packers ' organization rather than risk losing more money at Bosse Field, where attendance had been disappointing.

Although guaranteed information about the future is in many cases impossible, prediction is necessary to allow plans to be made about possible developments ; Howard H. Stevenson writes that prediction in business "... is at least two things: Important and hard.

Although most suspects in criminal cases are legally guaranteed the right to counsel, they often meet their appointed attorney only once before the hearing ; at best, a defense attorney can obtain a reduction of the sentence.

Although Kelley has been called " the consummate gossip monger, a vehicle for all the rumor and innuendo surrounding her illustrious subjects " she maintains, " I am an unabashed admirer of transparency and believe in the freedom guaranteed by the First Amendment ", and, to that end, her writing is about " moving an icon out of the moonlight and into the sunlight ".

Although MIME allows encoding the message body in various character sets ( broader than ASCII ), the underlying transmission infrastructure ( SMTP, the main E-mail transfer standard ) is still not guaranteed to be 8-bit clean.

Although conscription was never enforced after America ’ s late intervention in the war guaranteed a supply of fresh troops, the threat of conscription radicalised Irish politics.

Although Spanish leader Field Marshal ( Generalísimo ) Francisco Franco did not enter the war on the side of Nazi Germany, he permitted volunteers to join the German Army ( Wehrmacht Heer ) on the clear and guaranteed condition they would fight exclusively against Bolshevism ( Soviet Communism ) on the Eastern Front, and not against the Western Allies or any Western European occupied populations.

Although the German language retained a slight predominance, the preservation of Czech language and culture was legally guaranteed.

Although in real terms oil prices fell back to pre-1973 levels through the 1980s, resulting in a windfall for the oil-consuming nations ( especially North America, Western Europe, and Japan ), the vast reserves of the leading Middle East producers guaranteed the region its strategic importance.

Although popular with farmers and merchants, these plans were opposed by the Canadian Pacific Railway, which had a guaranteed twenty-year monopoly on " western travel " through the area ( some historians have argued that the " local service lines " were a financial impossibility to begin with ).

Although Congress could enact " remedial " or " prophylactic " legislation to guarantee rights not exactly congruent with those defined by the Court, it could only do so in order to more effectively prevent, deter, or correct violations of those rights actually guaranteed by the Court.

Although the Act guaranteed land rights under force of law for the indigenous inhabitants, it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters who interpreted the Act to mean " permanently occupied ".

Although Cobbet sees nothing wrong in itself in the tommy system ; he notes that The only question is in this case of the manufacturing tommy work, whether the master charges a higher price than the shop-keepers would charge ; but given the guaranteed market Cobbett sees no reason why any master should ever abuse the system.

Although a second season was once announced as in production, the death of Leslie Nielsen guaranteed that another season will not happen.

Although these notes were not accepted by Government, they were widely accepted and recognised by the public and the mercantile community, even though these notes were not guaranteed by the shareholders of the Banks.

Although having a great eye for artwork his philanthropy never guaranteed the rent on time.

Although guaranteed continuous employment received a severe test, not one Lincoln Electric employee was laid off for lack of work.