Although there were low levels of preexisting antibiotic-resistant bacteria before the widespread use of antibiotics, evolutionary pressure from their use has played a role in the development of muiltidrug resistance varieties and the spread of resistance between bacterial species.

Although any music which uses computers in its composition or realisation is computer-generated to some extent, the use of computers is now so widespread ( in the editing of pop songs, for instance ) that the phrase computer-generated music is generally used to mean a kind of music which could not have been created without the use of computers.

Although it initially received widespread support from the diving community, the FINA requirement that international competitors had to be registered with their National Governing Body was a major factor in the abandonment of this ambition a few years later.

Although colloquially and literarily the expression " King of Spain " or " King of the Spains " was already widespread, and the two crowns were ruled by the same monarch, they retained their individual institutions and identity until 1812, with the enactment of the Spanish Constitution of 1812.

Although silk was a somewhat expensive medium to paint upon in the past, the invention of paper during the 1st century AD by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun provided not only a cheap and widespread medium for writing, but also a cheap and widespread medium for painting ( making it more accessible to the public ).

Although the Indian economy enjoyed a steady rate of growth at 2. 5 % per annum ( mocked by leftist economist Raj Krishna as a " Hindu rate of growth "), chronic unemployment amidst widespread poverty continued to plague the population.

Although the custom of primogeniture, under which an eldest son would inherit all his father's lands, was slowly becoming more widespread across Europe, it was less popular amongst the Norman kings of England.

Although critical of the Tsar, General Kornilov felt that Russia, as part of the Triple Entente, was committed to continue the war against the Central Powers, and he shared the widespread belief of some Russians that after the February Revolution the country was descending into anarchy and that military defeat would be disastrous for Russia.

Although lutes were in widespread use in Europe at least since the 13th century, and documents mention numerous early performers and composers, the earliest surviving music for the instrument dates from the late 15th century.

U. S. journalist Paul Hoeffel in an article written for the Boston Globe concluded that, " Although there is widespread reluctance to use the term, it is now impossible to ignore the fact that civil war has broken out in Argentina.

Although neoclassical economics has gained widespread acceptance by contemporary economists, there have been many critiques of neoclassical economics, often incorporated into newer versions of neoclassical theory as human awareness of economic criteria changes.

Although most of those directly involved in the campaign believe that the rally really came to widespread attention only after the election itself.

Although most Oxfordians accuse mainstream academics of rejecting their theory only because they have a vested interest in maintaining the status quo, they often cite the work of individual scholars to create the appearance of widespread agreement on an issue, even when the opinion in question is more widely considered eccentric or outdated.

Although such racist ideologies have been widely discredited after World War II and the Holocaust, racism and racial discrimination have remained widespread around the world.

Although now largely obsolete due to the rise of inexpensive DNA sequencing technologies, RFLP analysis was the first DNA profiling technique inexpensive enough to see widespread application.

Although Somalia has had no central monetary authority for upwards of 15 years between the outbreak of the civil war in 1991 and the subsequent re-establishment of the Central Bank of Somalia in 2009, the nation's payment system is actually fairly advanced due primarily to the widespread existence of private money transfer operators ( MTO ) that have acted as informal banking networks.

Although the reciprocating steam engine is no longer in widespread commercial use, various companies are exploring or exploiting the potential of the engine as an alternative to internal combustion engines.

Although being a workaround, MESECAM is much more widespread than " native " SECAM.

Although Stephen's son William was young and unprepared to challenge Henry for the throne in 1153, the situation could well have shifted in subsequent years — there were widespread rumours during 1154 that William planned to assassinate Henry, for example.

Although some applications had counterparts using earlier technologies such as the spark gap transmitter or mechanical computers, it was the invention of the vacuum tube with three electrodes triode and its capability of electronic amplification that made these technologies widespread and practical.

Although initially developed in the early years of the 19th century, gas lighting became widespread during the Victorian era in industry, homes, public buildings and the streets.

Although the Han Dynasty of China was firmly cemented into power and extended its imperial influence into Central Asia during the first half of the century, by the second half there was widespread corruption and open rebellion.

Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that so lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today.

Although pricing made it inaccessible for most musicians, it found widespread use among producers and professional recording studios, competing at times in this market with such high-end production systems as the Fairlight CMI.

Although Utopian communism is both new in 1516 and also modern, it is not modern communism or even modern socialism, as they exist or have ever existed in theory or in practice.

Although black is sometimes described as an " achromatic ", or hueless, color, in practice it can be considered a color, as in expressions like " black cat " or " black paint ".

Although the Fore's mortuary cannibalism was well documented, the practice had ceased before the cause of the disease was recognized.

Although verbal report is in practice the " gold standard " for ascribing consciousness, it is not the only possible criterion.

Although he wanted the opportunity to put his principles in practice, Confucius gave up on this idea in the end.

Although much of Calvin's practice was in Geneva, his publications spread his ideas of a " correctly " reformed church to many parts of Europe.

Although the Convention itself does not provide for arbitration or dispute in the case of noncompliance, 30 years of CITES in practice has resulted in several strategies to deal with infractions by Parties.

Although a longbow achieves comparable accuracy and faster shooting rate than an average crossbow, crossbows release more kinetic energy and can be used effectively after a week of training, while a comparable single-shot skill with a longbow takes years of strength training to overcome the draw strength of the longbow, as well as years of practice needed to use it with skill.

Although Cotton Mather and Dr. Boylston were able to demonstrate the efficacy of the practice, the debate over inoculation would continue even beyond the epidemic of 1721-22.

Although nominally it exists alongside the United Front, a coalition of governing political parties, in practice, the CPC is the only party in the PRC, maintaining a unitary government and centralizing the state, military, and media.

Although computing a power spectrum from a map is in principle a simple Fourier transform, decomposing the map of the sky into spherical harmonics, in practice it is hard to take the effects of noise and foreground sources into account.

Although attempts to abolish slavery failed by narrow margins in the legislature, in practical terms, the state had mostly ended the practice.

Although the very act of codification was a radical innovation, given the precedent-based design of the Roman legal system, the jurists were generally conservative, and constantly looked to past Roman practice and theory for guidance.

Although it is claimed that, depending on their preferred learning modality, different teaching techniques have different levels of effectiveness, recent research has argued " there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice.

Although some Kunama still practice traditional beliefs, most are converts to either Christianity ( Roman Catholic and Protestant ) or Islam.

Although it is theoretically possible that detailed schedule analysis will yield different conclusions than broad schedule analysis, in practice there tends to be a high correlation between the two.

Although such intermediate implementations do not require units of currency ( e. g., dollars ), it is common practice to use budgeted dollars as the scale for PV and EV.

Although ephemeris time was defined in principle by the orbital motion of the Earth around the Sun, it was usually measured in practice by the orbital motion of the Moon around the Earth.

Although evidence-based medicine is regarded as the gold standard of conventional clinical practice, limitations or criticisms of its use exist, such as:

Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary.

Although the posts of leader and party president of Fianna Fáil are separate, with the former elected by the Parliamentary Party and the latter elected by the Ardfheis ( thus allowing for the posts to be held by different people, in theory ), in practice they have always been held by the one person.

Although it is now recognized that precise determination of cohesion is impossible because is not a fundamental soil property, the Mohr-Coulomb theory is still used in practice today.

Although the Governor-General and the Queen occasionally observe certain formalities, in practice the Governor-General has constitutional responsibilities without reference to the Queen.

Although nominally a league of equals, in practice the empire was dominated by the largest and most powerful state, Prussia.

Although the Soviet government denied these charges as recently as 1987, in recent years the Russian government has acknowledged the practice.