Rowlinson invokes the Marxist theorist Louis Althusser's extension of the argument that ideology is ahistorical, finding that Tennyson's poem " comes before an ideological construction for which it nonetheless makes people nostalgic ".

Henri Lefebvre in Metaphilosophie ( 1965 ) argued, from a marxian standpoint, in favor of an " ontological break ", as a necessary methodological approach for critical social theory ( whilst criticizing Louis Althusser's " epistemological break " with subjective marxism, which represented a fundamental theoretical tool for the school of marxist structuralism ).

In Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, for example, the structural order of " the Symbolic " is distinguished both from " the Real " and " the Imaginary "; similarly, in Althusser's Marxist theory, the structural order of the capitalist mode of production is distinct both from the actual, real agents involved in its relations and from the ideological forms in which those relations are understood.

" Unlike Althusser's concept of agents as " bearers " of structures, structuration theory sees them as active participants.

Althusser's concept has been roundly confused over the last decades with concepts and thinking associated with Michel Foucault, in part because both thinkers manifest an antihumanist insistence on the secondary status of the subject as mere effect of social relations and not vice versa.

For this reason, Althusser's " anti-humanism " and Foucault's statements were criticized, by Jürgen Habermas and others, for misunderstanding that this led to a fatalist conception of social determinism.

Rancière contributed to the influential volume Reading Capital ( though his contribution is not contained in the partial English translation ) before publicly breaking with Althusser over his attitude toward the May 1968 student uprising in Paris ; Rancière felt Althusser's theoretical stance didn't leave enough room for spontaneous popular uprising.

Althusser's theory is interesting insofar as, contrary to Kuhn, it does not consider various paradigms to be incommensurable between themselves.

Thus, for Althusser's reiterating of Marxist thought, overdetermination is what " determinant contradictions ", or capital-economic incongruities ( i. e., abstract labour resulting in " isolation " -- the class struggle ), which are analogous to Freud's " potent thoughts ", apply to instances that are more really, slight, understandable.

E. P. Thompson famously engaged Althusser in The Poverty of Theory, arguing that Althusser's theory overdetermined history, and left no space for historical revolt by the oppressed.

* Althusser's ' Problematic ' in the Context of the Vietnam War: Towards a Spectral Politics, in Rethinking Marxism, vol.

Postmodernism has also been associated with the rejection of enlightenment conceptions of the human subject by thinkers such as Michel Foucault, Claude Lévi-Strauss and, to a lesser extent, in Louis Althusser's attempt to reconcile Marxism with anti-humanism.

Interpellation, Althusser's idea based on Lacan, specifically involves the moment and process of recognition of interaction with the ideology at hand.

During the late 1970s and 1980s, Hirst became a critic of Althusser's brand of Marxism.

Many of Althusser's students broke with structural Marxism in the late 1960s and 1970s.

: I will argue that the whole of Althusser's theory is made up of the following elements: 1. common sense banalities expressed with the help of unnecessarily complicated neologisms ; 2. traditional Marxist concepts that are vague and ambiguous in Marx himself ( or in Engels ) and which remain, after Althusser's explanation, exactly as vague and ambiguous as they were before ; 3. some striking historical inexactitudes.

" This form of the argument is far more difficult to separate from a purely first cause argument than is the example of the house's maintenance above, because here the First Cause is insufficient without the candle's or vessel's continued existence.

Because almost every argument, quotation, and issue raised for decades can be found here, the work is often termed ' the deist's Bible '.

He famously put the point into dramatic relief with his 1939 essay " Proof of an External World ", in which he gave a common sense argument against scepticism by raising his right hand and saying " Here is one hand ," and then raising his left and saying " And here is another ," then concluding that there are at least two external objects in the world, and therefore that he knows ( by this argument ) that an external world exists.

here, the variable x designates the function argument, but a, b, and c are parameters that determine which quadratic function one is considering.

The fixed words of this idiom ( in bold ) do not form a constituent in any theory's analysis of syntactic structure because the object of the preposition ( here this situation ) is not part of the idiom ( but rather it is an argument of the idiom ).

Has two papers in support of the argument, but many more on the philosophy of religion available for download here.

The elements s < sub > 1, 1 </ sub >, s < sub > 2, 2 </ sub >, s < sub > 3, 3 </ sub >, and so on, are here highlighted, showing the origin of the name " diagonal argument ".

A generalized form of the diagonal argument was used by Cantor to prove Cantor's theorem: for every set S the power set of S, i. e., the set of all subsets of S ( here written as P ( S )), is larger than S itself.

Rackin cites the same quote, " Antony / Shall be brought drunken forth, and I shall see / Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness / I ’ th ’ posture of a whore ” to make the argument that here the audience is reminded of the very same treatment Cleopatra is receiving on Shakespeare's stage ( since she is being portrayed by a boy actor ) ( V. ii. 214-217 ).

represents the version of the identity function that has no such side effect ; it is used here as a dummy argument.

Again, McKerrow's argument here is not that these lines were added during rehearsals, but that they existed in an early draft of the play and were removed after rehearsals, as they were simply deemed unnecessary ; the animosity between the two had already been well established.

Simplified and illustrative showcase argument is explained here: There are 10 celestial bodies and 12 sectors for them to be in.

One recognizes here the threefold division of the halakic material that emanated from Akiva: ( 1 ) The codified Halakah ( which is Mishnah ); ( 2 ) the Tosefta, which in its original form contains a concise logical argument for the Mishnah, somewhat like the Lebush of Mordecai Jafe on the Shulḥan ' Aruk ; ( 3 ) the halakic Midrash.

It is here to present a very simplified argument of limitations to illustrate possible arguments coming via the group of macroeconomic thought known as supply-side economics.

Only the latter class of charge seems to have seriously worried the Privy Council, and here Picton's argument that either the laws of Trinidad, then still the laws of the former Spanish colonial power, or ' the state of the garrison ' justified the immediate execution in the cases specified eventually carried the day.

" Jay's meaning would be better expressed by substituting " negative liberty " in place of " natural rights ", for the argument here is that the power or authority of a legitimate government derives in part from our accepting restrictions on negative liberty.

The theories that the ringfort either pre-or post-dates the Early Middle Ages in Ireland, are both based on essentially the same premise, as is highlighted here by Tadhg O ’ Keefe in relation to the latter argument.

Any complete group variety ( variety here meaning reduced and geometrically irreducible separated scheme of finite type over a field ) is automatically commutative, by an argument involving the action of conjugation on jet spaces of the identity.

And ' bad ' is a key word here because it suggests that aesthetic and ethical judgements are tied together here: not to like a record is not just a matter of taste ; it is also a matter of argument, and argument that matters.

He had sent messages to the local tribes to determine their intentions .< ref > Foote Note: Reference to Connolly Journal: John Connolly to George Washington, May 28, 1774 "... I have < s > accq </ S > acquainted his Excellency Lord dunmore my Oppinion of matters here, in a concise manner ; and oft which I judg'd necessary toward the advantage of this promi Settlement ; & in order to evince the propriety of my argument transmitted a Coppy of my Journal Since the beginning of ou with the natives, which I apprehend his Lordship will lay the Honourable House -- --" I am with much Regard ... Dr Sir ...

In light of the Big Bang theory, a stylized version of argument has emerged ( sometimes called the Kalam cosmological argument, the following form of which was created by Al-Gazali and then strongly supported by William Lane Craig ):

As a general trend, the modern slants on the cosmological argument, including the Kalam argument, tend to lean very strongly towards an in fieri argument.

The dynamic energy of Beethoven, the dramatic ebb and flow of his music and his use of strongly contrasting, even opposing elements to create a musical argument are all characteristic of Tippett's music.

The major split of biblical Scholarship into two opposing schools is strongly disapproved by non-fundamentalist biblical scholars, as being an attempt by so-called " conservative " Christians to portray the field as a bipolar argument, of which only one side is correct.

Their findings appear to support that argument, as competition correlated strongly with the reverse auction success, as well as with the number of bidders.

McDowell strongly resists this argument: he does not deny that there is something psychologically in common between the subject who really sees the cat and the one that fails to do so.

The main weakness in this argument, however, lies in the empirical evidence that the institutions of courtship are more strongly supported by women than men.

Broward came out strongly in favor of drainage, calling the ground " the fabulous muck " and carrying with him an elevation map of the various parts of the Glades ; when Broward found that he was losing an argument over drainage, he would point to his map and say, " Water will run downhill!

Beginning with Lachmann ( in Germany, 1840 ), reservations about the pericope became more strongly argued in the modern period, and these opinions were carried into the English world by Samuel Davidson ( 1848 – 1851 ), Tregelles ( 1862 ), and others ; the argument against the verses being given body and final expression in Hort ( 1886 ).

The theory of sexual selection was also needed to counter the argument that beauty with no obvious utility, such as exotic birds ' plumage, proved divine design, which had been put strongly by the Duke of Argyll in his book The Reign of Law ( 1868 ).

The French archaeologist Jean-Pierre Mohen in his book says: " British Isles megalithism is outstanding in the abundance of standing stones, and the variety of circular architectural complexes of which they formed a part ... strikingly original, they have no equivalent elsewhere in Europe — strongly supporting the argument that the builders were independent.

In the Slate article, Schlesinger strongly rejected this interpretation of the term, and reiterated his argument from the 1998 introduction:

Further, Glantz argues, Suvorov's thesis is strongly contradicted both by ex-Soviet and German archival material, and the facts do not support the argument that the Red Army was prepared to invade Germany.

A positive Aristotelian response strongly supporting the argument and a negative response which is quite critical of it.

A positive Aristotelian response strongly supporting the argument with thinkers such as Al-Kindi, and Averroes.

The New Democratic Party of Ontario strongly opposed the bill on the argument that it would benefit the insurance industry at the expense of consumers, as well as forestalling renewed investment in the Canada Pension Plan.

The argument strongly reinforced demands for a White Australia policy.

The results seem to strongly support the argument for fusion alone in the management of adults with isthmic spondylolisthesis.

There is the Chicago River, which may bring some argument as to geographic restriction, but the impact of which was strongly lessened by the strict adherence to the Chicago grid across the river.

A second argument advanced here asserts that censures which are merely " scandalous ", " offensive to pious ears " or " seductive of simple minds " strongly depend upon a particular context of certain historical or cultural circumstances.

This argument and other findings which strongly indicate a hoax, largely the result of Spanish-language work by Venezuelan scientists Bernardo Urbani and Angel Viloria, were essentially unknown to cryptozoology researchers prior to the summer of 2007.