* Musical argument, a concept in the theory of musical form

An argument of this form is invalid, i. e., the conclusion can be false even when statements 1 and 2 are true.

One way to demonstrate the invalidity of this argument form is with a counterexample with true premises but an obviously false conclusion.

In its most general form, the argument from moral normativity is:

A modern form of this argument is given by Sir Roger Penrose.

Max Deutschbein is noted as the first person to present the argument in academic form.

In the complex case, one can also check that the bilinear form is linear over i in one argument, and conjugate linear in the other.

In his book, Cities and Economic Development, Paul Bairoch takes up this position in his argument that agricultural activity appears necessary before true cities can form.

This projection, according to the argument, is manifested in the form of attribution of undesirable characteristics of the self to the conspirators.

Thomas Aquinas ( c. 1225 – 1274 ), a theologian in Medieval Europe, adapted the argument he found in his reading of Aristotle and Avicenna to form one of the most influential versions of the cosmological argument.

In light of the Big Bang theory, a stylized version of argument has emerged ( sometimes called the Kalam cosmological argument, the following form of which was created by Al-Gazali and then strongly supported by William Lane Craig ):

It is a form of argument from universal causation.

Based on this argument, the privileged frame, wherein the laws of physics take on the simplest form, is a stationary frame in which no fictitious forces need to be invoked.

In classical logic disjunctive syllogism ( historically known as modus tollendo ponens ) is a valid argument form which is a syllogism having a disjunctive statement for one of its premises.

Stevenson has identified persuasive definition as a form of stipulative definition which purports to describe the " true " or " commonly accepted " meaning of a term, while in reality stipulating an altered use, perhaps as an argument for some specific view.

Disjunction introduction or addition is a simple valid argument form, an immediate inference and a rule of inference of propositional logic.

In propositional logic, disjunction elimination ( sometimes named proof by cases or case analysis ), is the valid argument form and rule of inference that allows one to eliminate a disjunctive statement from a logical proof.

Around 4 July, Poisson declared Galois ' work " incomprehensible ", declaring that " argument is neither sufficiently clear nor sufficiently developed to allow us to judge its rigor "; however, the rejection report ends on an encouraging note: " We would then suggest that the author should publish the whole of his work in order to form a definitive opinion.

While the standard argument for utilizing a modern text supports distillation of information into a form relevant to modern society, perennialists argue that many of the historical debates and the development of ideas presented by the great books are relevant to any society, at any time, and thus that the suitability of the great books for instructional use is unaffected by their age.

Rather the form of the argument is generalized to considering configurations, which are connected subgraphs of G with the degree of each vertex ( in G ) specified.

The argument is that these symbiotic organisms, being unable to survive apart from each other and their climate and local conditions, form an organism in their own right, under a wider conception of the term organism than is conventionally used.

( Since the time-span of the nation-state coincides roughly with the separate existence of the United States as an independent entity, it is perhaps natural for Americans to think of the nation as representative of the highest form of order, something permanent and unchanging.

And it is expressed, at least to their taste, in a perfect form.

The unit of form is determined subjectively: `` the Heart, by the way of the Breath, to the Line ''.

The test of form is fidelity to the experience, a gauge also accepted by the abstract expressionist painters.

But in this approach it is the artist's ultimate insight, rather than his immediate impressions, that gives form to the work.

It is through the metamorphosed dancer that the germ of form is discovered.

It only means that there will be new form, and that this form will be of such a type that it admits the chaos and does not try to say that the chaos is really something else.

That is why the form itself becomes a preoccupation, because it exists as a problem separate from the material it accommodates.

To find a form that accommodates the mess, that is the task of the artist now ''.

Though sex in some form or other enters into all human activity and it was a good thing that Freud emphasized this aspect of human nature, it is fantastic to explain everything in terms of sex.

How is the beat poet to achieve unity of form when he is at the same time engaged in a systematic derangement of senses.

But the highroad, according to the description of its traffic, belongs to life as it is lived in unawareness of death, while the way to the churchyard belongs to some other sort of life: a suffering form, an existence wholly comprised in the awareness of death.

And if I have gone into so much detail about so small a work, that is because it is also so typical a work, representing the germinal form of a conflict which remains essential in Mann's writing: the crude sketch of Piepsam contains, in its critical, destructive and self-destructive tendencies, much that is enlarged and illuminated in the figures of, for instance, Naphta and Leverkuhn.

All such imitations of negative quality have given rise to a compensatory response in the form of a heroic and highly individualistic humanism: if man can neither know nor love reality as it is, he can at least invent an artistic `` reality '' which is its own world and which can speak to man of purely personal and subjective qualities capable of being known and worthy of being loved.

Whitehead contends that the human way of understanding existence as a unity of interlocking and interdependent processes which constitute each other and which cause each other to be and not to be is possible only because the basic form of such an understanding, for all its vagueness and tendency to mistake the detail, is initially given in the way man feels the world.

In a bold, sometimes careless, form there is nothing academic ; ;

This is brought out in the next to last chapter of the book, `` A Hero's Funeral '', written in the form of an impassioned prose poem.

But let us not complain of the evils of capitalism by referring to a form that is not truly capitalistic.

Alpha decay is by far the most common form of cluster decay where the parent atom ejects a defined daughter collection of nucleons, leaving another defined product behind ( in nuclear fission, a number of different pairs of daughters of approximately equal size are formed ).

ΑΒΡΑΣΑΞ, which is far more common in the sources than the variant form Abraxas, ΑΒΡΑΞΑΣ ) was a word of mystic meaning in the system of the Gnostic Basilides, being there applied to the “ Great Archon ” ( Gk., megas archōn ), the princeps of the 365 spheres ( Gk., ouranoi ).

As far as transportation goes, it is the cheapest form other than walking in Acapulco.

Many agates are hollow, since deposition has not proceeded far enough to fill the cavity, and in such cases the last deposit commonly consists of drusy quartz, sometimes amethystine, having the apices of the crystals directed towards the free space so as to form a crystal-lined cavity or geode.

Towards the extreme west the Futa Jallon highlands form an important diverging point of rivers, but beyond this, as far as the Atlas chain, the elevated rim of the continent is almost wanting.

Now, far too late, Villeroi tried to redeploy his 50 unused squadrons, but a desperate attempt to form line facing south, stretching from Offus to Mont St André, floundered amongst the baggage and tents of the French camp carelessly left there after the initial deployment.

Professional boxing remains by far the most popular form of the sport globally, though amateur boxing is dominant in Cuba and some former Soviet republics.

Beech became President of the Curtiss-Wright's airplane division and VP of sales, but became dissatisfied with being so far removed from aircraft production and quit to form Beechcraft, using the original Travel Air facilities and employing many of the same people.

This form of comedy has a long ancestry, dating back at least as far as Much Ado about Nothing by William Shakespeare.

Kuiper belt objects are known to be rich in organic compounds such as tholins, so some form of life existing on their surfaces is not entirely implausible – though perhaps not going so far as to develop natural internal nuclear reactors, as have Forward's.

The relation he there gives of the miracle is as follows: " On the nones ( or 7th ) of May, about the third hour, ( or nine in the morning ,) a vast luminous body, in the form of a cross, appeared in the heavens, just over the holy Golgotha, reaching as far as the holy mount of Olivet, ( that is, almost two English miles in length ,) seen not by one or two persons, but clearly and evidently by the whole city.

Not all Medieval writers are so at odds with the Virgilian standard, and with the rediscovery of classical literature later Medieval and Renaissance writers are far more orthodox, but by then the form had become an academic exercise.

This means that waves emitted by the source at times that are too far apart can no longer form a constant interference pattern since the relation between their phases is no longer time independent.

Seven congregations have so far decided to form the Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands.

Because DOM supports navigation in any direction ( e. g., parent and previous sibling ) and allows for arbitrary modifications, an implementation must at least buffer the document that has been read so far ( or some parsed form of it ).

Maxwell's equations take the form of an electromagnetic wave in an area that is very far away from any charges or currents ( free space ) – that is, where and are zero.

In its specific form, the ELIZA effect refers only to " the susceptibility of people to read far more understanding than is warranted into strings of symbols — especially words — strung together by computers ".

This is why a police whistle, a form of flute, is very wide for its pitch, and why a pipe organ can be far louder than a concert flute: a large organ pipe can contain several cubic feet of air, and its tone hole may be several inches wide, while a concert flute's air stream measures a fraction of an inch across.

Because of this time working closely and collaborating – a period that is normally far longer, and far more intimately involved, than the entire production and filming – most directors and editors form a unique artistic bond.

Donald Hall goes as far as to say that " the form of free verse is as binding and as liberating as the form of a rondeau ," and T. S. Eliot wrote, " No verse is free for the man who wants to do a good job.

So far, franchise agreements are covered under two standard commercial laws: the Contract Act 1872 and the Specific Relief Act 1963, which provide for both specific enforcement of covenants in a contract and remedies in the form of damages for breach of contract.

The amount of monetary aid ( which was in the form of loans ) received by Germany through the Marshall Plan ( about $ 1. 65 billion in total ) was far overshadowed by the amount the Germans had to pay back as war reparations and by the charges the Allies made on the Germans for the ongoing cost of occupation ( about $ 2. 4 billion per year ).