Amos Bronson Alcott ( November 29, 1799 – March 4, 1888 ) was an American teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer.

* 1862 – Nicholas Murray Butler, American philosopher, diplomat, and educator, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize ( d. 1947 )

* 1934 – Fredric Jameson, American philosopher and theorist

The American philosopher and educator John Dewey became impressed with the Alexander technique after his headaches, neck pains, blurred vision, and stress symptoms largely improved during the time he used Alexander's advice to change his posture.

American philosopher Michael Martin argues that it is not necessarily true that objective moral truths must entail the existence of God, suggesting that there could be alternative explanations: he argues that naturalism may be an acceptable explanation and, even if a supernatural explanation is necessary, it does not have to be God ( polytheism is a viable alternative ).

In 1941, Eli Siegel, American philosopher and poet, founded Aesthetic Realism, the philosophy that reality itself is aesthetic, and that " The world, art, and self explain each other: each is the aesthetic oneness of opposites.

Burrhus Frederic " B. F ." Skinner ( March 20, 1904 – August 18, 1990 ) was an American psychologist, behaviorist, author, inventor, and social philosopher.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

September 10, 1839 – April 19, 1914 ) was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist, sometimes known as " the father of pragmatism ".

In 1934, the philosopher Paul Weiss called Peirce " the most original and versatile of American philosophers and America's greatest logician ".

* Avram Noam Chomsky ( born 1928 ), American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, political activist, author, lecturer, professor emeritus at < font color = 0 > MIT, known for early work in < font color = 0 > transformational grammar and < font color = 0 > A. I.

With the work of the latter philosopher, critical theory transcended its theoretic roots in German idealism, and progressed closer to American pragmatism.

The American philosopher Arthur Oncken Lovejoy in his * The Revolt Against Dualism ( 1960 ) develops a critique of the modern new realism, reproposing a form of dualism based on a " fork of human experience.

* 1931 – Ronald Dworkin, American philosopher

Daniel Clement Dennett ( born March 28, 1942 ) is an American philosopher, writer and cognitive scientist whose research centers on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science.

* 1902 – Sidney Hook, American philosopher ( d. 1989 )

At this time, a paper written by the American philosopher Edmund Gettier provoked major widespread discussion.

In one response to Gettier, the American philosopher Richard Kirkham has argued that the only definition of knowledge that could ever be immune to all counterexamples is the infallibilist one.

The American philosopher Robert Nozick has offered the following definition of knowledge:

The American philosopher W. V. O. Quine, in his " Two Dogmas of Empiricism ", famously challenged the distinction, arguing that the two have a blurry boundary.

Ethan Allen ( – February 12, 1789 ) was a farmer, businessman, land speculator, philosopher, writer, and American Revolutionary War patriot, hero, and politician.

* Jesse Prinz – American philosopher who specializes in emotion, moral psychology, aesthetics and consciousness

* 2012 – Ruth Barcan Marcus, American philosopher and logician ( b. 1921 )

Anita Faye Hill ( born July 30, 1956 ) is an American attorney and academic, currently a professor of social policy, law and women's studies at Brandeis University's Heller School for Social Policy and Management.

Law professor Ken Gromley's book The Death of American Virtue reveals that Clinton escaped a 1996 assassination attempt in the Philippines by terrorists working for Osama bin Laden.

In early December 1891, Canadian American Dr. James Naismith, a physical education professor and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School ( YMCA ) ( today, Springfield College ) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA ), was trying to keep his gym class active on a rainy day.

* Cleopatra Mathis ( born 1947 ), American poet and professor

* Arlene Davila ( 1996 ), Author and Anthropology and American Studies professor at New York University

* 1953 – Norman Finkelstein, American professor

Douglas Richard Hofstadter ( born February 15, 1945 ) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics.

* 1962 – Jamie Raskin, American law professor and politician

One professor playing the game was Bob Sklar, who taught an American Studies seminar which included Daniel Okrent, who learned of the game his professor played.

* 1968 – Eugene Volokh, American law professor

* 1947 – Frank P. Tomasulo, American film professor and critic

According to Judith Nagata, a professor of Asia Research Institute in the National University of Singapore, The Afghan mujahiddin, locked in combat with the Soviet enemy in the 1980s, could be praised as " freedom fighters " by their American backers at the time, while the present Taliban, viewed, among other things, as protectors of American enemy Osama bin Laden, are unequivocally " fundamentalist ".”"

Siegfried Fred Singer ( born September 27, 1924 ) is an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia.

In 1991 Michael Shelden, an American professor of literature, published a biography.

Harrison Hagan " Jack " Schmitt ( born July 3, 1935 ) is an American geologist, a retired NASA astronaut, university professor, and a former U. S. senator from New Mexico.

Herbert Alexander Simon ( June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001 ) was an American political scientist, economist, sociologist, and psychologist, and professor — most notably at Carnegie Mellon University — whose research ranged across the fields of cognitive psychology, cognitive science, computer science, public administration, economics, management, philosophy of science, sociology, and political science.

16th century natural law writer, Francisco de Vitoria, a professor of theology at the University of Salamanca, examined the questions of the just war, the Spanish authority in the Americas, and the rights of the Native American peoples.

* 1920 – Isaac Asimov, American author and biochemistry professor ( d. 1992 )

* 1939 – Edward Gramlich, American economics professor ( d. 2007 )

In the May 27, 2010, issue of The New York Review of Books, Columbia professor Mark Lilla analyzed five recent books dealing with American political party discontent in a review titled, " The Tea Party Jacobins ".

John Rawls was an American philosopher, a professor of political philosophy at Harvard University and author of A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ), Political Liberalism, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, and The Law of Peoples.

* 1943 – Ursula Goodenough, American biologist, zoologist, professor and author