In his Discourse on the Origins of Inequality Among Men ( 1754 ), Rousseau maintained that man in a State of Nature had been a solitary, ape-like creature, who was not méchant ( bad ), as Hobbes had maintained, but ( like some other animals ) had an " innate repugnance to see others of his kind suffer " ( and this natural sympathy constituted the Natural Man's one-and-only natural virtue ).

Among them are cases of severe beatings ; psychological torment, corporal punishment and forced intense, heavy-burden hard labor and stress positions ; solitary confinement in squalid conditions ; " heat treatment " including burning and freezing ; electric shocks delivered to sensitive parts of the body that may result in nausea, convulsions, or fainting ; " devastative " forced feeding ; sticking bamboo strips into fingernails ; deprivation of food, sleep, and use of toilet ; rape and gang rape ; asphyxiation ; and threat, extortion, and termination of employment and student status.

Among the Igbo of Nigeria-especially Enugu, Anambra, Imo, Abia, Ebonyi, Edo and Delta states of the country-Obinna finds Osu caste system has been and continues to be a major social issue.

Among the notable broadly egalitarian philosophies are socialism, communism, anarchism, libertarianism, left-libertarianism, social liberalism and progressivism, all of which propound economic, political, and legal egalitarianism.

Among its provisions are a Western-style bill of rights, the creation of the National Council of Democracy that also oversees the guarantee of those rights and a governmental advisory board which deals with economic and social issues.

Among its provisions were a Western-style bill of rights ; creation of a National Council of Democracy, which oversees the guarantee of those rights ; a governmental advisory board on economic and social issues ; and an independent judiciary.

Among the most active of the major Curial institutions are the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which oversees the Catholic Church's doctrine ; the Congregation for Bishops, which coordinates the appointment of bishops worldwide ; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, which oversees all missionary activities ; and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, which deals with international peace and social issues.

Among several others, they highlight the fact that maintaining a judicial system, a fundamental requirement of the civil right to due process before the law and other rights relating to judicial process, is positive, resource-intensive, progressive and vague, while the social right to housing is precise, justiciable and can be a real ' legal ' right.

Among social movements that have an associated body of songs are the abolition movement, women's suffrage, the labor movement, civil rights, the anti-war movement, the feminist movement, animal rights movement, vegetarianism and veganism, and environmentalism.

Among other things, sociology's emphasis on the determination of individual tastes and perspectives by social institutions conflicts with rational choice theory's assumption that our tastes and perspectives are given and inexplicable.

Among the many scholars who have since pursued Burke's line of thought, James Boyd White sees rhetoric as a broader domain of social experience in his notion of constitutive rhetoric.

Among the questions about how to define racism are the question of whether to include forms of discrimination that are unintentional, such as making assumptions about preferences or abilities of others based on racial stereotypes, whether to include symbolic or institutionalized forms of discrimination such as the circulation of racial stereotypes through the media, and whether to include the socio-political dynamics of social stratification that sometimes have a racial component.

Among those sects that generally are negative towards these orientations, there are many different types of actions they may take: this can range from quietly discouraging homosexual activity, explicitly forbidding same-sex sexual practices among adherents and actively opposing social acceptance of homosexuality, to execution.

Among most social scientists and historians, orthodox positivism has long since fallen out of favor.

Among the private think tanks the most important are: the Center for Social and Economic Research ( CASE ) and Institute for Structural Research ( IBS ) on economic policy, The Casimir Pulaski Foundation on foreign policy, demosEUROPA on EU affairs, the Institute of Public Affairs ( ISP ) on social policy, the Center for International Affairs ( CSM ) and The Sobieski Institute.

Among Keynes's Bloomsbury friends, Lopokova was, at least initially, subjected to criticism for her manners, mode of conversation and supposedly humble social origins – the latter of the ostensible causes being particularly noted in the letters of Vanessa and Clive Bell, and Virginia Woolf.

Among these, Francisco Suárez ( 1548 – 1617 ), from the School of Salamanca, might be considered as an early theorist of the social contract, theorizing natural law in an attempt to limit the divine right of absolute monarchy.

Among the themes that would run through all of his work were " personal alienation and an outrage over social injustice ", writes film critic William Baer.

Among his many proposals for legal and social reform was a design for a prison building he called the Panopticon.

Among the cultural traits that the Aztecs of Tenochtitlan shared with many other cultures of central Mexico are the agricultural basis of maize cultivation, the basic social organization dividing society into classes of noble pipiltin and macehualli commoners, the complex religious beliefs and practices including most of the pantheon ( e. g. gods such as Tezcatlipoca, Tlaloc and Quetzalcoatl ), the calendric system of a xiuhpohualli of 365 days intercalated with a tonalpohualli of 260 days.

Among communities from these areas, khat chewing has a long history as a social custom dating back thousands of years.

Among Forster's ancestors were members of the Clapham Sect, a social reform group within the Church of England.

Among Sunni Bahrainis the situation is often equally complicated: many of the most influential Sunni business and political families have their origins in Iran, having emigrated to the more liberal economic and social atmosphere of Bahrain over the last hundred and fifty years ; and in fact many still speak Persian in their homes.

Among the other ongoing projects the promotion of legal and social empowerment of women in Bangladesh is also to be mentioned.

Among the speakers was Canadian social activist and author Naomi Klein and Bolivian President Evo Morales, who firmly said in his talk, “ We are going to go to the UN to declare that water is a basic public need that must not be managed by private interests, but should be for all people, including people of rural areas .” The Forum was at first plagued with logistical problems, as a number of events had to be canceled at the last minute because of a lack of space, and a student strike against the policies of President Abdoulaye Wade in Diop University interrupted some scheduled plenaries.

Among the buildings he has designed are Ringsted Town Hall, Mødrehjælpen ( a social institution for women ) in Copenhagen Ø and his own house in Rungsted Kyst Hørsholm, north of Copenhagen ( 1938 ).

Among animals using venom are spiders ( see spider bite ) and centipedes, which also inject venom through fangs ; scorpions and stinging insects, which inject venom with a sting ( which, in insects such as bees and wasps, is a modified egg-laying device – the ovipositor ).

Among the insect groups are grasshoppers, beetles, flies, termites, butterflies and moths, bees, wasps, ants, dragonflies and damselflies, caddis flies, non-biting midges and mayflies.

Among the problems he addressed was why bees create hexagonal honeycombs ; he demonstrated that this is the most efficient way of using wax and storing honey.

Among different strains of Italian bees there are three different colors: Leather ; bright yellow ( golden ); and very pale yellow ( Cordovan ).

: Among pigeons and bees, while that Great Archer,

Among Chinese speakers, however, it is typically understood that one is referring to the leafy vegetable unless otherwise specified.

Among his epic poems, we possess the titles and some fragments of three pieces: the Fisherman, Kirka or Krika, which, however, is designated by Athenaeus as doubtful, and Helena, Of his elegies, some beautiful fragments are still extant.

Among Protestants, anointing is provided in a wide variety of formats but, for the most part, however, it has fallen into disuse.

Among supporters of constitutional monarchy however, the experience confirmed the value of the monarchy as a source of checks and balances against elected politicians who might seek powers in excess of those conferred by their respective constitutions, and ultimately as a safeguard against dictatorship.

Among the notable roles that Abbott sang with the company are Juliette in Gounod's Roméo et Juliette, Virginia in Paul et Virginie, Josephine in H. M. S. Pinafore, the title role in Flotow's Martha, Amina in Bellini's La Sonnambula, and Violetta in La Traviata, a role which she apparently no longer objected to, however, instead of singing Addio del passato, she made Violeta expire with Nearer, my God, to Thee.

Among his other accomplishments, Abel wrote a monumental work on elliptic functions which, however, was not discovered until after his death.

Among the heavy actinide elements, however, those isotopes that have an odd number of neutrons ( such as U-235 with 143 neutrons ) bind an extra neutron with an additional 1 to 2 MeV of energy over an isotope of the same element with an even number of neutrons ( such as U-238 with 146 neutrons ).

Among modern English speakers, solar deities are popularly thought of as male counterparts of the lunar deity ( usually female ); however, sun goddesses are found on every continent ( e. g. Amaterasu in Japanese belief ) paired with male lunar deities.

Among careful speakers, however, the original vowel may be preserved, and the vowels are always preserved in the orthography.

Among leading language-usage commentators, Garner's Modern American Usage acknowledges that " website " is the standard form, but Bill Walsh, of The Washington Post, argues for using " Web site " in his books and on his website ( however, The Washington Post itself uses " website ").

Among his last words were, according to Plutarch, " By all means must we fly ; not with our feet, however, but with our hands.

Among those who did supported Henry II's claims, however, were Duke Mieszko I of Poland and Duke Boleslaus II of Bohemia.

Among botanists and naturalists, however, the tree was considered a type of cedar, and in 1759 was classified by Carl Linnaeus ( 1707 – 1778 ) as Cedrela mahagoni.

These documents were not, however, necessarily accurate: Among those executed before 1944 many were listed as " transferred to the Gestapo ".

Among two or three friends, however, the picture of Rivers is quite different.

Among Abishag's duties was to lie next to David and keep him warm ; however, David did not have sexual relations with her ( 1 Kings 1: 4 ).

Among the multiple causes, however, are the mechanical causes which include: poison, improper heavy weight lifting, hard coughing bouts, sharp blows to the abdomen, tight clothing and incorrect posture.

" Among revolutionaries in other districts of the state, however, Zapata's authority was more tenuous.

Among the many buildings destroyed the parish church of St. Nicholas was levelled however was rebuilt with a modern flavour-the nave retained its original arched windows however the steeple now appears as a crown.

Among Gush Shalom's concerns with Barak's offer were Barak's demand to annex large settlement blocs ( 9 % of the West Bank ) with no Israeli land given to a proposed Palestinian state in return, the lack of contiguity that the settlement blocs would cause for a Palestinian state, lack of trust in the commitment and / or ability of the Israeli government to evacuate the thousands of non-bloc Israeli settlers in the 15-year timeline, limited sovereignty for Palestinians in Jerusalem ( the historically important Arab neighborhoods such as Sheikh Jarrah, Silwan, and At-Tur would remain under Israeli sovereignty, while Palestinians would only have sovereignty over the outer Arab neighborhoods in Jerusalem ), the lack of Palestinian sovereignty over holy sites in Jerusalem ( Palestinians would only receive " administrative control " over their holy sites, and the Old City's Muslim and Christian Quarters, however Israel was to receive complete sovereignty over Jewish holy sites, and the Old City's Jewish and Armenian Quarters ).

Among many editions of the Chronique may be mentioned the one edited for the Société de I ' histoire de France by M Douet d ' Arcq ( Paris, 1857 – 1862 ), which, however, is not very good.

Among the most popular performers of the region within Zimbabwe, however, was 1980s Ndebele pop sensation Lovemore Majaivana.

Among others, crime author Jay Robert Nash disliked Ito's handling of the Simpson case because they felt he allowed his courtroom to be turned into part of the media circus to the point where Ito would invite attorneys and courtroom staff into his chambers to watch the previous night's Jay Leno footage ; however, Ito and others present in the courtroom dispute this characterization, challenging critics to identify a proceeding that was not under control.