Estonian grammar published in Reval in 1637 by Heinrich Stahl

The Finnish and Estonian languages are both part of the non-Indo-European Uralic languages ; they share a similar grammar as well as several individual words, though sometimes as false friends: e. g. the Finnish word for ' south ', etelä is close to the Estonian word edel, but the latter means south-west.

In 1525 the first book published in the Estonian language was printed.

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period.

Together with the Estonian poet, writer and art critic Ilmar Laaban, they developed their concept of Irrealism through several essays, exhibitions, projects, manifest and a book, " Irréalisation ".

* The first book in Estonian – Wanradt's and Koell's Catechism, is written.

The Estonian and Latvian governments each published a book for the period covering the population transfers from 1939 to early 1940.

* The title means " Shamans in Eurasia ", the book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.

* The title means “ Shamans in Eurasia ”, the book is written in Hungarian, but it is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.

* The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire, ISBN 9985-9369-2-2 This book may be ordered from its Estonian publisher at http :// www. redbook. ee / english. html

* ( The title means “ Shamans in Eurasia ”, the book is written in Hungarian, but it is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish: Site of publisher with short description on the book ( in Hungarian ).

* In October 2011, Estonian director Rainer Sarnet adapted the book to a feature film The Idiot, starring Risto Kübar as Prince Myshkin.

* The fourth book, " On Estonia " describes events between 1208 and 1226: the campaigns against Estonian counties, the conquest of the Principality of Jersika, the wars with Curonians, Semigallians, Lithuanians and Princes of Pskow and Novgorod.

* The title means “ Shamans in Eurasia ”, the book is written in Hungarian, but it is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.

* The title means “ Shamans in Eurasia ”, the book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.

* The title means “ Shamans in Eurasia ”, the book is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.

As a professional historian Laar has written many books on Estonian and Soviet history, among them his book War in the Woods: Estonia's Struggle for Survival, 1944 – 1956 a work about the Forest Brothers anti-Soviet resistance movement.

Estonian dog tags are designed to be broken in two.

With Danish help, Estonian crews began cleaning up the site, although they estimated the likely cost to be as much as 4 million EEK.

Like Finnish and Hungarian, Estonian is a somewhat agglutinative language, but unlike them, it has lost the vowel harmony of the hypothetical Proto-Uralic language, although in older texts the vowel harmony can still be recognized.

As many of the early Germanic loanwords into Estonian were Saxon, their cognates can be found in Anglo-Saxon English, for example, ' nurk ' ( corner ) is found as ' nook ' in English and ' koer ' ( dog ) is ' cur ' in English.

The name " Russia ", together with the Finnish Ruotsi ( which means " Sweden ") and Estonian Rootsi ( which means " Sweden "), are found by some scholars to be related to Roslagen.

Its relatives can be found throughout the world, including Estonian kannel, Russian gusli, Latvian kokle, and Lithuanian kanklės.

Russian, Finnish and Estonian also have a number of Norse loanwords ; the words Rus and Russia, according to one theory, may be named after the Rus ' people, a Norse tribe ; see Rus ( name ).

The origin of the name " Tallinn ( a )" is certain to be Estonian, although the original meaning of the name is debated.

It is usually thought to be derived from " Taani-linn ( a )" ( meaning " Danish-castle / town "; Latin: Castrum Danorum ) after the Danes built the castle in place of the Estonian stronghold at Lindanisse.

* Olaf Tryggvason flees Norway with his mother, only to be attacked by Estonian Vikings.

Their emphasis was on the illegal nature of the Soviet system and that hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of Estonia had not ceased to be citizens of the Estonian Republic which still existed de jure, recognized by the majority of Western nations.

This was somewhat controversial, as holding a referendum could be taken as signalling that Estonian independence would be established rather than " re "- established.

The general consensus in the Estonian media seems to be that the new Andrus Ansip's cabinet, on the level of competence, is not necessarily an improvement over the old one.

The 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia is considered to be an information operation against Estonia, with the intent to influence the decisions and actions of the Estonian government ; while Russia denies any direct involvement in the attacks, hostile rhetoric from the political elite via the media influenced people to attack.

In Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian, the adessive case ( abbreviated ; from Latin adesse " to be present ") is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of " on ".

In the expressions corresponding to the Estonian ones above, the adessive may be used, e. g. lehdillä " with leaves " or laivalla " by boat ".

For example, I have a house in Estonian would be Mul on maja in which mul is in the adessive case, on is the third singular of to be ( is ), and maja is in nominative, not accusative.

( 3 ) The Estonian Flag is to be displayed on elementary and high schools, vocational schools, institutions of professional higher education and universities on school days.

( 1 ) If the Estonian Flag is raised with other flags, the Estonian flag must be at a position of superior prominence or honour.

( 4 ) If the Estonian Flag is displayed with flags of other countries or international organisations and with Estonian county, city, parish or other Estonian flags, the Estonian county, city, parish or other Estonian flag must be placed to left of the international organisation's flag when looking at the line flags from behind.

The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik ( 1880 – 1973 ), used creations ex nihilo ( cf.

* Estonian / Finnish ja ( and ) and Japanese ya ( や ) ( and, used in an incomplete list )

In European languages other than English the corresponding words for " sect ", such as secte ( French ), secta ( Spanish ), seita ( Portuguese ), sekta ( Polish, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian ), sekt ( Danish, Estonian, Norwegian, Swedish ), sekte ( Dutch ), Sekte ( German ) or szekta ( Hungarian ), are used sometimes to refer to a harmful religious or political sect, similar to how English-speakers popularly use the word " cult ".

In Russian, the city has been known as Юрьев ( Yuryev ) after Yaroslav I the Wise and Дерпт ( Derpt ), a variant of Dorpat ( however, since 1917 the Estonian name Tartu has been used ).

* Estonian: is neutral ( in some specific contexts it is used jokingly, e. g. ); however, due to pressure from English-speaking world, ( dark / black ), ( black-skinned ) and ( dark-skinned ) are often adopted in mainstream media.

In the Estonian language comitative is also used to denote when something is used as an implement-kirvega ( with axe / using an axe ) or as a means of transport laevaga ( by boat ).

In the Finnish language and Estonian language, this case is often used to express unknown identities and irresultative actions.

Apart from the Bundeswehr, Unimogs have been used by many different militaries, including the Argentinian, British, Belgian, Danish, Dutch, French, Irish, Indonesian Army, Portuguese, Finnish, Estonian, Greek, Swiss, Chilean, Bolivian Naval Force, Mexican, Pakistani, Rhodesian and Singaporean armed forces.

The flag became associated with Estonian nationalism and was used as the national flag ( riigilipp ) when the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued on February 24, 1918.

In English ( but also in Danish, Dutch, German, Lithuanian, Swedish and Estonian ), " Holland " is informally used as a name for the whole of the Netherlands.

And it used to be a secondary hub for airBaltic, Estonian Air and Skyways Express until they closed the bases in Vilnius.

The Estonian alphabet () is used for writing the Estonian language and is based on the Latin alphabet, with German influence.

C, Q, W, X and Y do not occur in Estonian words, but are used in writing foreign proper names.

Pacius ’ s music was also used for the Estonian national anthem " Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm " and the Livonian national anthem Min izāmō, min sindimō.

For the fricatives š, ž, and the affricate č only, the caron is used in the Finno-Lappic languages which use the Latin alphabet, such as Estonian, Finnish, Karelian and some Sami languages.

In Italian, š, ž, and č are routinely used much as in Finnish and Estonian to transcribe Cyrillic and other Slavic ( except Polish ) names, since in native Italian words, the sounds represented by these letters must be followed by a vowel.

Other notable sites in Toompea include the building of the Government of Estonia ( also known as " The Stenbock House ") and the building of the Estonian Knighthood, which from the early 1990s until 2005 housed the Estonian Art Museum and since 2009 is temporarily used by the Estonian Academy of Arts.

In the early 1930s, the salute was used by members of the Estonian nationalist right wing Vaps Movement, as well as the Brazilian Integralism movement, who used to salute by raising one arm.