In game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology, an evolutionarily stable strategy ( ESS ) is a strategy which, if adopted by a population of players in a given environment, cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy that is initially rare.

Zubrin's alternative to this " Battlestar Galactica " mission strategy ( dubbed so by its detractors for the large, nuclear powered spaceships that supposedly resembled the science-fiction spaceship of the same name ) involved a longer surface stay, a faster flight-path in the form of a conjunction class mission, in-situ resource utilization and craft launched directly from the surface of Earth to Mars as opposed to be being assembled in orbit or by a space-based drydock.

An alternative strategy is the deliberate design of " new towns " and the protection of green belts around cities.

Russian refusal to accept invitations to participate in NATO BMD may be indicative of the lack of an alternative to MAD in current Russian war fighting strategy due to dilapidation of conventional forces after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

The debate had started in February 1915 when Commander Wegener started to circulate staff papers attacking Tirpitz's leadership as having trapped the High Seas Fleet in a " dead angle in a dead sea ", and suggested an alternative strategy for victory.

Most internal divisions within the party concern the party's political position ( neither right nor left, or left-wing ) and electoral strategy ( alliance with the PS, the centre or the alternative left ).

Both kings of Aragon and Sicily agreed with this strategy as a viable alternative to having the Almogavar standing army unemployed in their realms.

Callaghan allowed Benn to put forward his " alternative economic strategy ", which consisted of a siege economy, but this was rejected by the Cabinet.

The Air Ministry found its existence threatened and resolved to fend off the attempts of the Admiralty and War Office to break up the RAF and recover the RFC and RNAS by offering a cheaper, innovative alternative strategy for British air power in the future.

Founded in 2007, GTEP's 4-point strategy targets research and development of alternative fuels ; renewable energy sources ; energy storage and conversion ; and energy conservation.

The lack of success prompted an alternative strategy of importing reformed clergy from England and Scotland.

In Variety magazine, Todd McCarthy wrote, " The director's visual and aural dapplings are strikingly effective at their best, but over the long haul don't represent a satisfactory alternative to in-depth dramatic scenes ; one longs, for example, for even one sequence in which Ali and Dundee discuss boxing strategy or assess an opponent ", but he did have praise for the performances: " The cast is outstanding, from Smith, who carries the picture with consummate skill, and Voight, who is unrecognizable under all the makeup but nails Cosell's distinctive vocal cadences ".

Thus, for example, the Gandhian ahimsa is a philosophy and strategy for social change that rejects the use of violence, but at the same time sees nonviolent action ( also called civil resistance ) as an alternative to passive acceptance of oppression or armed struggle against it.

The failings of the Nationalist Club movement to develop a viable program or strategy for winning political power left DeLeon searching for an alternative.

Bargaining is an alternative pricing strategy to fixed prices.

Because of its participatory approach, TPR may also be a useful alternative teaching strategy for students with dyslexia or related learning disabilities, who typically experience difficulty learning foreign languages with traditional classroom instruction.

Founded in 1994, Z Media Institute provides classes and other sessions in how to start and produce alternative media, how to understand mainstream and alternative media better, how to enhance organising skills and knowledge, and how to better comprehend and develop radical theory, strategy, and vision.

This marketing strategy was later abandoned before Mervyn's expanded beyond its original single location, but Mervyn's remained popular as a lower-priced alternative to national department store chains.

The generic strategy framework ( porter 1984 ) comprises two alternatives each with two alternative scopes.

Though it may attract early adopters by providing an advanced alternative to current offering, this strategy leaves room for competitors to copy the hasty company ’ s successes and learn from its mistakes.

GTEP's 4-point strategy targets research and development of alternative fuels ; renewable energy sources ; energy storage and conversion ; and energy conservation.

The alternative to this is that if a conservative candidate is nominated the national committee will have to appeal to the trusts for their campaign funds, and in doing this will incur obligations which would make a Democratic victory absolutely fruitless.

There is a workable alternative to this potentially dangerous and harmful C. & O. - B. & O. merger scheme '' --

He is already beginning to box the compass of alternative lines of action, including doing nothing.

Accordingly, if it is not repealed by the Congress at its present session, I shall have no alternative thereafter but to direct the Secretary of Defense to disregard the section unless a court of competent jurisdiction determines otherwise.

On review the Supreme Court, via Mr. Justice Frankfurter, found southern racial problems `` a sensitive area of social policy on which the federal courts ought not to enter unless no alternative to adjudication is open ''.

A sense of self-certainty and the freedom to experiment with different roles, or confidence in one's own unique behavior as an alternative to peer-group conformity, is more easily developed during adolescence if, during early childhood, the individual was permitted to exercise initiative and encouraged to develop some autonomy.

The largest hurdle the Republicans would have to face is a state law which says that before making a first race, one of two alternative courses must be taken: 1

It is one that most try to avoid, as long as they can see an alternative approach to the problem.

`` My feeling at the moment '', he said, `` is that we have no alternative, irrespective of some of the arguments about him.

Expressed differently: if the price for becoming a faithful follower of Jesus Christ is some form of self-destruction, whether of the body or of the mind -- sacrificium corporis, sacrificium intellectus -- then there is no alternative but that the price remain unpaid.

In any event, it is an irreversible step, and if we are at all honest with ourselves, we will know we have no other alternative than to live in the world in which God has seen fit to place us.

For we have said, in effect, that of the two alternatives to his position variously represented by the other participants in the demythologizing discussion, only one is really an alternative.

It follows, then, provided the possibilities have been exhausted, that the only real alternative is the general viewpoint of the `` left '', which has been represented on the Continent by Fritz Buri and, to some extent at least, is found in much that is significant in American and English theology.

It will be recalled from the discussion in Section 7 that the position of the `` right '', as represented by Barth, rests on the following thesis: The only tenable alternative to Bultmann's position is a theology that ( 1 ) rejects or at least qualifies his unconditioned demand for demythologization and existential interpretation ; ;

Certainly, in analyzing an action which truly faced such alternatives, `` it is never possible that no world would be preferable to some worlds, and there are in truth no circumstances in which the destruction of human life presents itself as a reasonable alternative ''.

`` Your alternative is breathtaking '', he said, `` and, I'm frank in saying, a bit mad.

As with most mythology, there is a tale which offers an alternative version of these events: in Argonautica ( iv. 760 ) Zeus ' sister and wife Hera alludes to Thetis ' chaste resistance to the advances of Zeus, that Thetis was so loyal to Hera's marriage bond that she coolly rejected him.

Rudra could bring diseases with his arrows, but he was able to free people of them, and his alternative Shiba, is a healer physician god.

The ANOVA F – test ( of the null-hypothesis that all treatments have exactly the same effect ) is recommended as a practical test, because of its robustness against many alternative distributions.

Power analysis can assist in study design by determining what sample size would be required in order to have a reasonable chance of rejecting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

Augmentative and alternative communication ( AAC ) is an umbrella term that encompasses methods of communication for those with impairments or restrictions on the production or comprehension of spoken or written language.