Anthropology has been used in Britain to provide an alternative explanation for the Financial crisis of 2007 – 2010 to the technical explanations rooted in economic and political theory.

As an alternative ethical theory, Lewis offered a form of divine command theory which equated God with goodness and treated goodness as an essential part of reality, thus asserting God's existence.

Protestants have objected that this theory is not explicitly found in Scripture and the New Testament uses ' bishop ' and ' presbyter ' as alternative names for the same office.

Sakharov called such singularities a collapse and an anticollapse, which are an alternative to the couple black hole and white hole in the wormhole theory.

Sakharov also proposed the idea of induced gravity as an alternative theory of quantum gravity.

Inflation and baryogenesis remain more speculative features of current Big Bang models: they explain important features of the early universe, but could be replaced by alternative ideas without affecting the rest of the theory.

Recently alternative theory of superconductivity has been proposed.

The theory that they were defensive military structures is not accepted by many modern archaeologists ( see the ' general references ' below ), while the alternative notion that they were farmhouses is dismissed by some others.

Some researchers still advocate a handful of alternative cosmologies ; however, cosmologists generally agree that the Big Bang theory best explains observations.

Some cosmologists think that string theory and brane cosmology will provide an alternative to inflation.

An alternative theory ( using the example of negative utilitarianism ) is that some consider the reduction of suffering ( for the disadvantaged ) to be more valuable than increased pleasure ( for the affluent or luxurious ).

Certain categories called topoi ( singular topos ) can even serve as an alternative to axiomatic set theory as a foundation of mathematics.

However, this political restriction is less confining than it may first appear in that the Marxist historical framework is surprisingly flexible, and a rather simple matter to modify an alternative historical theory to use language that at least does not challenge the Marxist interpretation of history.

* Conjugate ( graph theory ), an alternative term for a line graph

Though the theory of dark matter remains the most widely accepted theory to explain the anomalies in observed galactic rotation, some alternative theoretical approaches have been developed which broadly fall into the categories of modified gravitational laws and quantum gravitational laws.

In game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology, an evolutionarily stable strategy ( ESS ) is a strategy which, if adopted by a population of players in a given environment, cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy that is initially rare.

However, it developed an alternative theory of value and distribution.

Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond publicly to Hayek's challenge ; instead of formulating an alternative theory, Sraffa elaborated on the logical inconsistencies of Hayek's argument, especially concerning the effect of inflation-induced " forced savings " on the capital sector and about the definition of a " natural " interest rate in a growing economy.

" An alternative term suggested " as a more descriptive name for the discipline " is interactive decision theory.

Joseph Boussinesq ( a mathematician and physicist ) developed theories of stress distribution in elastic solids that proved useful for estimating stresses at depth in the ground ; William Rankine, an engineer and physicist, developed an alternative to Coulomb's earth pressure theory.

Heterarchy is the most commonly proposed alternative to hierarchy and this has been combined with responsible autonomy by Gerard Fairtlough in his work on Triarchy theory.

Braid therefore revised the theory and practice of Mesmerism and developed his own method of " hypnotism " as a more rational and " common sense " alternative.

However, in 1843, the Scottish surgeon James Braid proposed the theory of hypnotism as a radical alternative, in opposition to Mesmerism.

The most common explanation suggests that the name was taken from the railway station in Marple, Stockport, through which Christie passed, with the alternative account that Christie took it from the home of a Marple family who lived at Marple Hall, near her sister Madge's home at Abney Hall.

An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power depends on the player: the faster and more accurately a player can swing their racquet, the higher the tension for maximum power.

However, alternative analysis suggests that the nominal particles do not function as clitics, but as phrasal affixes.

The etymology of the name is disputed ; an alternative name of the dance is stantipes, which suggests that one foot was stationary during the dance ; but the more widely accepted etymology relates it to estamper, to stamp the feet.

Snodgrass suggests that a shortage of tin, as a part of the Bronze Age Collapse and trade disruptions in the Mediterranean around 1300 BC, forced metalworkers to seek an alternative to bronze.

The Historia Augusta suggests three alternative explanations: that the first Caesar had a thick head of hair ( Latin caesaries ); that he had bright grey eyes ( Latin oculis caesiis ); or that he killed an elephant ( caesai in Moorish ) in battle.

In November 2006, Minsky published The Emotion Machine, a book that critiques many popular theories of how human minds work and suggests alternative theories, often replacing simple ideas with more complex ones.

This fact suggests that it should be named Equus burchelli quagga ; however, according to the rules of biological nomenclature, where there are two or more alternative names for a single species, the name first used takes priority.

Nozick suggests that citizens opposed to wealth redistribution that funds programs they object to should be able to opt out by supporting alternative government approved charities with an added 5 % surcharge.

An alternative resolution to the apparent contradictory material of Genesis 10: 5 and 11: 8-9 is found in the documentary hypothesis which suggests different sources for those verses.

In addition to SpiralScouts and Navigators USA, the UUA website also suggests Camp Fire as an alternative scout-like organization that comports with UU principles.

An alternative theory, recently proposed by George Knysh, suggests that he was initially appointed in Avignon as a professor of philosophy in the Franciscan school, and that his disciplinary difficulties did not begin until 1327.

When Holmes begs for an alternative, the commander's aide suggests that Holmes resign his commission " for the good of the service " and leave the Army, which the general accepts with dispatch.

An alternative philosophy suggests that the term Homo sapiens is the misnomer rather, and that humans should be reclassified as Pan sapiens, though this would violate the Principle of Priority, as Homo was named before Pan ( 1758 for the former, 1816 for the latter ).

A less destructive alternative of this theory suggests the death of the time traveller whether the history is altered or not ; an example would be in the first part of the Back to the Future trilogy, where the lead character's alteration of history results in a risk of his own disappearance, and he has to fix the alteration to preserve his own existence.

An alternative explanation to the hypothesis that long telomeres are selected against due to their cancer promoting effects is the " thrifty telomere " hypothesis that suggests that the cellular proliferation effects of longer telomeres causes increased energy expenditures.

According to The Silmarillion, Ungoliant's unremitting hunger drove her to devour herself, although an alternative sketch of Eärendil's voyage suggests that he slew her in the south.

An alternative theory suggests that the symptoms of the disease may be caused by toxic effects of the hydrogen sulfide on the cells lining the intestine.

Simek's argument is supported by a statistical analysis in the same academic newsletter of the small corpus of poetic usages, which suggests that the term Vanir was a " suspended archaism " used as a metrical alternative to Æsir.

The sober alternative is provided by Sandwich's biographer, N. A. M. Rodger, who suggests Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics and the arts mean the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his desk.

The sober alternative is provided by Sandwich's biographer, N. A. M. Rodger, who suggests Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics and the arts mean the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his desk.

* The Alternative Escape Artist: As the name suggests is a form of escapology that appeals to the modern alternative market and takes the full view style in a new direction.

Proto-Celtic * Lugus may be related to the root of the Proto-Celtic * lug-rā ‘ moon ’ ( the origin of Welsh lloer, though Peter Schrijver suggests an alternative etymology for lloer, from Common Celtic * lus-rā, where the root would be cognate with that of Latin luridus * lus-idus " pale yellow ").

Contemporary chroniclers saw this as a matter of concern ; Robert of Torigni suggested that as many as 1, 115 such castles had been built during the conflict, although this was probably an exaggeration as elsewhere he suggests an alternative figure of 126.