The normal method of calculation in ancient Rome, as in Greece, was by moving counters on a smooth table.

Dr K. K. Shah said " Fasting is a method of curing the meditation of mind and body which has been proved by great jain monks, sanyasis and munis of ancient times.

The pig toilet is an ancient method of feeding pigs on garbage and human feces, and is used in China.

An ancient method of assigning names is based upon seasons and quarters of the year.

The first documented systematic technique capable of determining integrals is the method of exhaustion of the ancient Greek astronomer Eudoxus ( ca.

In the case of Thailand, muay Thai evolved from the older muay boran ( ancient boxing ), an unarmed combat method which would have been used by Siamese soldiers after losing their weapons in battle.

This equation was first studied extensively in ancient India, starting with Brahmagupta, who developed the chakravala method to solve Pell's equation and other quadratic indeterminate equations in his Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta in 628, about a thousand years before Pell's time.

Several historians have conjectured that this was the most commonly used method in ancient warfare due to its practicality.

Taxonomy ( from ancient Greek taxis, arrangement, and nomia, method ) is the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups.

The strip twist wire manufacturing method was superseded by drawing in the ancient Old World sometime between about the 8th and 10th centuries AD.

To do this, he makes use of the Pascal triangle, which he labels as the diagram of an ancient method first discovered by Jia Xian before 1050.

Crucifixion is an ancient method of deliberately painful execution in which the condemned person is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until dead.

This method used letters of the alphabet, often not positioned on a staff, along with a simple notation of conventional rhythmic values, and has a curious, and coincidental, similarity to some ancient Greek music notation.

According to Shahnameh ancient Persian book, the hero Rostam was the first person who was born with this method and term رستمينه ( rostamineh ) is corresponded to Caesarean.

As a method of execution, poison has been ingested, as the ancient Athenians did ( see Socrates ), inhaled, as with carbon monoxide or hydrogen cyanide ( see gas chamber ), or injected ( see lethal injection ).

Concerns about the soundness of arguments involving infinitesimals date back to ancient Greek mathematics, with Euclid replacing such proofs with ones using other techniques such as the method of exhaustion.

This method has been used since ancient times.

The rubbing has a similar effect to beating the clothes and household linen on rocks, an ancient method, but is less abrasive.

One method of squaring the circle, by relaxing the strict limitations on the use of straightedge and compass in ancient Greek geometric proofs, makes use of an Archimedean spiral.

: For the village in Azerbaijan, see Sors, Azerbaijan ; for the ancient Roman method of divination by drawing lots, see Sortes ( ancient Rome ); for the national statistical service in Slovenia, see Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia.

Philosophy in ancient Greece led to questions of educational method entering national discourse.

The " mirror " structure of the Hebrew psalms renders it probable that the antiphonal method was present in the services of the ancient Israelites.

The ancient discipline of astronomy is the key method of calculating a date and time.

The ancient Greeks and Romans seemed to have considered butter a food fit more for the northern barbarians.

Historian and linguist Andrew Dalby says most references to butter in ancient Near Eastern texts should more correctly be translated as ghee.

In ancient Rome, basic bread dough was sometimes enriched with butter, eggs, and honey, which produced a sweet and cake-like baked good.

One ancient artifact found in bogs in many places is bog butter, large masses of fat, usually in wooden containers.

The complete process of making black butter, including the peeling of the apples, the stirring of the mixture in a large cauldron throughout the night, the camaraderie and the jarring up was recently recorded by the filmmaker D. Rusowsky for a 48 minute documentary to capture the essence of this ancient recipe and reveal the spirit of one on Jersey ’ s best kept secrets: its people.

The word “ butter ” is believed to be derived from the Greek word bou-tyron, the approximate meaning of which is “ cowcheese .” ( dubious ) However, some believe the word came from the Scythian culture, as the ancient Greeks tended to herd sheep and goats, whose milk is not as optimal for butter making as cows, which the Scythians primarily herded.

The John Harvey arrived in Bari, a port on the Adriatic, on November 28th, making for Porto Nuovo, which, as the name indicates, was the ancient city's new and modern harbor.

Ambergris is the waxy aromatic substance created in the intestines of sperm whales and was used in making perfumes both in ancient times as well as modern.

By 1000 BC ancient civilizations were using technologies that formed the basis of the various branches of chemistry such as ; extracting metal from their ores, making pottery and glazes, fermenting beer and wine, making pigments for cosmetics and painting, extracting chemicals from plants for medicine and perfume, making cheese, dying cloth, tanning leather, rendering fat into soap, making glass, and making alloys like bronze.

Keith Hopkins estimates that ancient Rome had a population of about a million people by the end of the 1st century BC, after growing continually during the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st centuries BC, making it the largest city in the world at the time.

Since ancient times, hydropower has been used for irrigation and the operation of various mechanical devices, such as watermills, sawmills, textile mills, dock cranes, domestic lifts and paint making.

The ancient city of Harappa was greatly destroyed under the British Raj, when bricks from the ruins were used as track ballast in the making of the Lahore-Multan Railroad.

Ivory has been important since ancient times for making a range of items, from ivory carvings to false teeth, fans, dominoes, joint tubes, piano keys and billiard balls.

A walled marble-paved precinct was constructed around the temple, making it a central focus of the ancient city.

In ancient Judaism, the Priests ( Kohanim ) had a whole class of Levites as their assistants in making the sacrifices, in singing psalms and in maintaining the Temple.

Plautus wrote around 52 plays, of which 20 have survived, making him the most prolific ancient dramatist in terms of surviving work.

It can only be speculated whether this is of ancient making or modern restoration, but it is a fact that they are, literally, filled up with pottery debris.

* Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Balbec, otherwise Heliopolis in Coelosyria in English and French, making the ancient city of Baalbek in Syria known to the West.

* Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Palmyra ; otherwise Tedmor in the desart in English and French, making the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra known to the West.

The earliest known turtles date from 215 million years ago, making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than lizards, snakes and crocodiles.

The ancient Macedonians during the Hellenistic times were still addressing their kings in a far more casual way than the subjects of the rest of the Diadochi, and the Kings were still consulting with their aristocracy ( Philoi ) in the process of making their decisions.

* The University of Pavia, one of the most ancient universities in Europe, was founded in 1361, although a school of rhetoric is documented in 825 making this center perhaps the oldest protouniversity of Europe.

The civilization was spread over some 1, 260, 000 km², making it the largest ancient civilization.

Indeed throughout the ancient world, including Europe, making slaves of captives was a common practice.

According to an article in Nature by Philip Ball, while there are various evidences for silk production in China back to around 2570 BC, newly discovered silk objects from the Indus valley in eastern Pakistan are believed to date from between 2450 BC and 2000 BC, " making them similarly ancient ".

Electrum was also used in the making of ancient drinking vessels and coins.