`` A serious problem accompanying the technical-ladder approach is the difficulty of clearly defining responsibilities and standards of performance for each level.

Some researchers state that the evidence-based approach to defining CAM is problematic because some CAM is tested, and research suggests that many mainstream medical techniques lack solid evidence.

It focuses on historical Norse paganism of the Viking Age as described in the Eddas, but proponents also take a more inclusive approach, defining it as " Northern European Heathenry " not limited to a specific historical period.

Holzkamp mostly based his sophisticated attempt to provide a comprehensive and integrated set of categories defining the field of psychological research on Aleksey Leontyev's approach to cultural – historical psychology and activity theory.

In current usage, one approach to defining euthanasia has been to mirror Suetonius, regarding it as the " painless inducement of a quick death ".

However, focusing on this approach to defining euthanasia may also lead to counterexamples: such definitions may encompass killing a person suffering from an incurable disease for personal gain ( such as to claim an inheritance ), and commentators such as Tom Beauchamp & Arnold Davidson have argued that doing such would constitute " murder simpliciter " rather than euthanasia.

As a result, according to philosopher Steven Crowell, defining existentialism has been relatively difficult, and he argues that it is better understood as a general approach used to reject certain systematic philosophies rather than as a systematic philosophy in itself.

One approach followed Wilkins in defining the metre as the length of a pendulum with a half-period of one second, a ' seconds pendulum '.

The other approach suggested defining the metre as one ten-millionth of the length of the Earth's meridian along a quadrant ; that is, the distance from the equator to the North Pole.

Hollander introduced a quantitative approach to the phrenological diagnosis, defining a method for measuring the skull, and comparing the measurements with statistical averages.

The group ultimately recommended that the IFC adopt a more strategic approach to poverty reduction by better defining poverty reduction impacts and poverty itself, and that the IFC establish a framework for greater outside consultation on its understanding, measurement, and reporting on poverty reduction efforts.

This functional approach addresses the inherit challenge of defining a think tank.

One approach to defining it is in terms of objects ' properties and relations.

Nevertheless, there is clearly overlap in defining these terms and the precise definitions are not as important as the need for a comprehensive approach ( see Sharma, 2006 ).

The ' metacognitive ' approach to instruction can help students learn to take control of their won learning by defining learning goals and monitoring their progress in achieving them.

One approach to defining the particle size distribution is to use a list of the size of all particles in a sample.

Victor Vroom, in collaboration with Phillip Yetton ( 1973 ) and later with Arthur Jago ( 1988 ), developed a taxonomy for describing leadership situations, which was used in a normative decision model where leadership styles were connected to situational variables, defining which approach was more suitable to which situation.

This two-factor approach, as some have also called it, provides a balanced definition that seems to be capable of dealing with limits of defining self-esteem primarily in terms of competence or worth alone.

Some groups arguing that exploitation is inherent in the act of commercial sex, while other groups take a stricter approach to defining sexual slavery, considering an element of force, fraud or coercion to be necessary for sex slavery to exist.

It is a sub-set of a broader procurement approach termed Public Private Partnership ( PPP ), with the main defining characteristic being the use of project finance ( using private sector debt and equity, underwritten by the public ) in order to deliver the public services.

Differential forms provide a unified approach to defining integrands over curves, surfaces, volumes, and higher dimensional manifolds.

But the FBI has adopted the narrow approach, defining white-collar crime as " those illegal acts which are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and which are not dependent upon the application or threat of physical force or violence " ( 1989, 3 ).

This differs from the most widely used approach, that originated in the programming language Simula, of defining all attributes, methods and initialization at compile time.

(" One approach the Court used to inquire into the lawfulness of state authority was to draw content-based or subject-matter distinctions, thus defining by semantic or formalistic categories those activities that were commerce and those that were not.

It recognizes the fact that what helps one county helps its neighbors and that by banding together in an area-wide effort better results can be accomplished than through the go-it-alone approach.

The concept of trans-illumination ( as shown by the photo on p. 92 ), as just one example, offers an entirely new approach to lighting problems -- no matter what industry is involved.

Typically, these approaches follow a machine learning approach, where large numbers of manually rated photographs are used to " teach " a computer about what visual properties are of relevance to aesthetic quality.

In Gregory ’ s day, history was not recognized as an independent field of study ; it was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and historia ( defined as ‘ story ’) summed up the approach of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered ‘ history .’ Gregory ’ s Dialogues Book Two, then, an authentic medieval hagiography cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter, is designed to teach spiritual lessons.

With what can crudely be summed up as a clash of ideologies between an expansion of ITV's commercial ethos and a public service approach more akin to the BBC, it was ultimately something of a compromise that eventually led to the formation of Channel 4 as launched in 1982.

His comparative approach is obvious in the following excerpt from Chapter III of Book I of what many consider to be his masterpiece, De l ' esprit des lois:

A. M. Tibbetts is one of the main critics of the NCTE, claiming that ' the Committee's very approach to the misuse of language and what it calls " doublespeak " may in the long run limit its usefulness '.

In addition, it is argued that the current approach based on exceeding a threshold of symptoms does not adequately take into account the context in which a person is living, and to what extent there is internal disorder of an individual versus a psychological response to adverse situations.

Frances and others have published debates on what they see as the six most essential questions in psychiatric diagnosis-are they more like theoretical constructs or more like diseases ; how to reach an agreed definition ; whether the DSM-V should take a cautious or conservative approach ; the role of practical rather than scientific considerations ; the issue of use by clinicians or researchers ; and whether an entirely different diagnostic system is required.

As would be expected from such an approach, there is a wide diversity among Disciples in what individuals and congregations believe.

David, however, made his career precisely by challenging what he saw as the earlier rigidity and conformity of the French Royal Academy's approach to art.

It is an approach to learning that gives students flexibility and choice over what, when, at what pace, where, and how they learn.

Often, the criteria had moral bases, such as in the case of Pierre de La Primaudaye's L ' Académie française and Guillaume Telin's Bref sommaire des sept vertus & c .. Encyclopaedists encountered several problems with this approach, including how to decide what to omit as unnecessary, how to structure knowledge that resisted structure ( often simply as a consequence of the sheer amount of material that deserved inclusion ), and how to cope with the influx of newly discovered knowledge and the effects that it had on prior structures.

This is a purely descriptive approach to what we mean by " natural language " without attempting to address its emergence.

El Cid's army had a novel approach to planning strategy as well, holding what might be called brainstorming sessions before each battle to discuss tactics.

Essential to Hanegraaff ’ s methodology is what he calls an “ empirical ” approach, with an informed, open, and, so much as possible, neutral mind.

Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world ( centered at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall ), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931.

Since Galen states that he is using observations of monkeys ( human dissection was prohibited ) to give an account of what the body looks like, Vesalius could portray himself as using Galen's approach of description of direct observation to create a record of the exact details of the human body, since he worked in a time when human dissection was allowed.

The principal drawback of this approach is the high rate of false positive or equivocal levels due to the imprecision of the currently available meters: both physician and patient need an accurate understanding of what a meter can and cannot do to avoid frustrating and inconclusive results.

He claimed that this approach would enable the creation of what he terms " artificial brains " which would quickly surpass human levels of intelligence.

Only earthworks and fragments of masonry remain of what was an extensive 13th-century barbican structure including a stone wall and an external gatehouse guarding the main approach to the castle.

This view has been criticised by some Marxists ( especially Trotskyists ) who characterized this approach as ' substitutionism '- or what they saw as the misguided and apparently non-Marxist belief that other groups in society could ' substitute ' for the revolutionary agency of the working class.

Young Marxist intellectuals, seeing the failure of their political organizations, began to develop a more democratic approach to politics, opposed to what they saw as the centralised and authoritarian politics of the pre-war leftist parties.