For example, germline therapy changes the genetic make-up of an individual's descendants.

For example, Darwinism may be used to refer to Darwin's proposed mechanism of natural selection, in comparison to more recent mechanisms such as genetic drift and gene flow.

For example, protein synthesis in human mitochondria relies on a genetic code that differs from the standard genetic code.

Here the idea is that primordial life " discovered " new amino acids ( for example, as by-products of metabolism ) and later incorporated some of these into the machinery of genetic coding.

For example, the genetic code clusters certain amino acid assignments.

For example, recent studies have suggested genetic variants in deer mice that help explain how deer mice that live in the mountains are able to survive in the thin air that accompanies high altitudes.

For example, mammal-eating killer whales were long thought likely to be closely related to other mammal-eating killer whales from different regions, but genetic testing refuted this hypothesis.

According to these new rules, " mineral species can be grouped in a number of different ways, on the basis of chemistry, crystal structure, occurrence, association, genetic history, or resource, for example, depending on the purpose to be served by the classification.

A common assumption is that disorders may have resulted from genetic and developmental vulnerabilities, exposed by stress in life ( for example in a diathesis – stress model ), although there are various views on what causes differences between individuals.

For example, one strategy often in use is the artificial production of proteins, based on the genetic code ( DNA ).

For example, ordination of women is universally accepted in the mainline churches, abortion is condemned as a grievous social tragedy but not always a personal sin or a crime against an unborn person, and homosexuality is recognized as a genetic propensity or morally neutral preference that should be neither encouraged nor condemned.

Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr-Abl gene found on the Philadelphia Chromosome, a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22.

This is an example of non-allelic genetic heterogeneity.

The genetic code is a set of three-nucleotide sets called codons and each three-nucleotide combination designates an amino acid, for example AUG ( adenine-uracil-guanine ) is the code for methionine.

Most molecules and structures coded by the genetic material are not visible in the appearance of an organism, yet they are observable ( for example by Western blotting ) and are thus part of the phenotype.

For example, a person's height is affected by genetics, but if they are malnourished growth will be stunted no matter what their genetic coding says.

Systematics is also of major importance in understanding conservation issues because it attempts to explain the Earth's biodiversity and could be used to assist in allocating limited means to preserve and protect endangered species, by looking at, for example, the genetic diversity among various taxa of plants or animals and deciding how much of that to preserve.

A genetic basis for instinctive behavioural traits among non-human species, such as in the above example, is commonly accepted among many biologists ; however, attempting to use a genetic basis to explain complex behaviours in human societies has remained extremely controversial.

For example, in medicine it can be used to identify, diagnose and potentially develop treatments for genetic diseases.

Island genetics, the tendency of small, isolated genetic pools to produce unusual traits, has been observed in many circumstances, including insular dwarfism and the radical changes among certain famous island chains, for example on Komodo.

For example, the height of a person is genetically determined, but there exist height differences within a given social group that can be attributed to environmental factors ( e. g. the quality of nutrition ) and to genetic inheritance.

An example of the intellectual confusion about what heritability is and is not, is the statement: " If all environments were to become equal for everyone, heritability would rise to 100 percent because all remaining differences in IQ would necessarily be genetic in origin ", which Gould said is misleading, at best, and false, at worst.

For example, Germanic and Iranian have a genetic relationship via Proto-Indo-European, but they do not form a valid taxon within the Indo-European language family, whereas in contrast Iranian and Indic do via Indo-Iranian, a daughter language of Proto-Indo-European that subsequently calved into Indic and Iranian.

Lizards and some frogs have somewhat similar osteoderms forming bony deposits in the dermis but this is an example of convergent evolution with similar structures having arisen independently in diverse vertebrate lineages.

A classic example is the evolution of a fourth cusp in the mammalian tooth.

Their evolution was aided by the appearance of bees ; in fact angiosperms and insects are a good example of coevolution.

For example, the theory of evolution is supported by a convergence of evidence from genetics, molecular biology, paleontology, geology, biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative physiology, and many others.

One example of the evolution of the Latin verse form can be seen in a comparative analysis of the use of spondees in Ennius ' time vs. the Augustan age.

For example, the dynamic history of the planetary atmosphere's CO < sub > 2 </ sub > and O < sub > 2 </ sub > composition has been affected by the biogenic flux of gases coming from respiration and photosynthesis, with levels fluctuating over time in relation to the ecology and evolution of plants and animals.

Lactase persistence is an example of such recent evolution.

An example of modern paleontological progress is the application of synchrotron X-ray tomographic techniques to early Cambrian bilaterian embryonic microfossils that has recently yielded new insights of metazoan evolution at its earliest stages.

Dawkins asserts that the atheists ' position is not a fundamentalism that is unable to change its mind, but is held based on the verifiable evidence ; as he puts it: " The true scientist, however passionately he may " believe " in evolution for example, knows exactly what would change his mind: evidence!

Further changes occurred during the evolution of the individual Italic languages, in Latin for example → between vowels and → at the beginning of a word.

Wallonia came to be regarded as an example of the radical evolution of industrial expansion.

# A scientific theory may not contain any theoretical terms ( an example of this is Darwin's original theory of evolution ).

Typically, observable instances of evolution are examples of microevolution ; for example, bacterial strains that have antibiotic resistance.

A nice " text book " example of this is the evolution of specialised Nylon-eating bacteria, it's also been studied in experimental evolution.

An example of macroevolution is the appearance of feathers during the evolution of birds from theropod dinosaurs.

An example of a naturalistic fallacy in this sense would be to conclude Social Darwinism from the theory of evolution by natural selection, and of the reverse naturalistic fallacy to argue that the amorality of survival of the fittest implies the theory of evolution is false.

For example, the peculiar development of the works by modernist composer Arnold Schoenberg ( here an " ontogeny ") is generalized in many histories into a " phylogeny " – a historical development (" evolution ") of Western Music toward atonal styles of which Schoenberg is a representative.

For example, a defender of evolution may well accept that the current formulation of evolutionary theory is likely to be revised in the future, but she defends evolution because she believes current evolutionary theory is more likely than any current rival idea, such as Creationism.

They are not related to the penguins at all, but are an example of convergent evolution.

For a generic solid object without any axis of symmetry, the evolution of the object's orientation, represented ( for example ) by a rotation matrix that transforms internal to external coordinates, may be numerically simulated.

Although in some cases actinofibrils ( internal structural fibres ) in the wing membrane have been mistaken for pycnofibres or true hair, some fossils such as those of Sordes pilosus ( which translates as " hairy demon ") and Jeholopterus ninchengensis do show the unmistakable imprints of pycnofibres on the head and body, not unlike modern-day bats, another example of convergent evolution.

Peppered moth evolution is often used by educators as an example of natural selection.