They reason that the Cultural Revolution happened due to a series of complex factors: China's relationship with the global Communist movement, geopolitical concerns, the ideological rift between China and the Soviet Union, and the failures of the Great Leap Forward.

But her negative opinions of strict serialism caused an ideological rift between herself and her serialist colleagues.

This faction is in constant rift with the more socially right-wing ones ( who have been leading the party for a long time ) and also with the overlappers whose hybridness they refuse, over the future of the party and its future ideological and philosophical alignments.

While the roots of the split between Tyndall and Jordan was considerd to be the marriage of Jordan to Françoise Dior-who had previously been romantically involved with Tyndall-Tyndall himself stated that the rift between the two men was a consequence of an ideological clash resuting from his rejection of Jordan's endorsement of straight Nazism and his own preference for a more ' British ' solution.

Ultimately, the ideological rift between the ideals of the United States and the goals of the fascist powers is what made the core of the interventionist argument.

In 1991, as it became increasingly clear that Soviet communism would not last, a rift arose within the KKE between those who supported continuing efforts towards a reconciliation with the Euro-communists through Synaspismos, and orthodox communists who felt that communism was threatened internationally and favoured a return to ideological roots.

Robert Young writes that imperialism operates from the center, it is a state policy, and is developed for ideological as well as financial reasons whereas colonialism is nothing more than development for settlement or commercial intentions.

The party's ideological sources were principally to be found in Catholic social teaching, the Christian democratic doctrines developed from the 19th century and on ( see Christian democracy ), the political thought of Romolo Murri and Luigi Sturzo and ultimately in the tradition of the defunct Italian People's Party.

Mao's efforts soon developed into a ruthless campaign driven by paranoia and aimed not only at KMT spies, but at anyone with an ideological outlook different from Mao's.

However, during this same period, internecine power conflicts among diverse leaders, and ideological and economical struggles developed between Buenos Aires Province and much of the rest of the United Provinces, with many of the Provinces bonding themselves into a Federal League, inspired by Federalist José Gervasio Artigas ' leadership.

Moreover, Mannheim has developed, and progressed, from the " total " but " special " Marxist conception of ideology to a " general " and " total " ideological conception acknowledging that all ideology ( including Marxism ) resulted from social life, an idea developed by the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.

Soviet Union assured universal literacy and highly developed book printing industry, but also carried out ideological censorship.

To provide a common and acceptable platform to unite the various squabbling factions in BPUPKI, Sukarno formulated his ideological thinking developed for the past twenty years into five principles.

She claimed: " the common structure between these two ideological currents Golwalkar and Goel / Shourie, separated by several decades as they are, highlights the core of the Hindu nationalist movement: ethnicism or exclusive particularism " Koenraad Elst disagrees with Kondo, and says: " In sharp contrast with the repetitive-nationalistic and Indocentric approach of Golwalkar and the RSS, Goel and Shourie ( and Ram Swarup before them ) have developed a historical and philosophical critique of Christianity and Islam that has universal validity.

The ideological positions of Workers World Party developed through the theoretical analyses of Marcy and co-founder Vince Copeland over the course of 37 years-by 1998 they were both deceased.

The Strasser brothers ruled the Berlin party organization unchallenged and developed an independent ideological profile from the south German party wing around Adolf Hitler.

Avakian, in different ways, and over a period of time, became deeply engaged in the movements of the times: the anti-war movement, the student movement, the black liberation movement, the developing women ’ s movement and the incipient new communist movement in the U. S. Avakian's ideological and political development can be traced through these rebellious times, as he developed political relationships and friendships with many of the key figures of that era, engaging in many debates with the various trends in the movement, including working closely with the Black Panther Party, particularly Huey P. Newton and Eldridge Cleaver.

When World War I broke out, being an enemy national, he went to Egypt, where together with Ze ' ev Jabotinsky he developed the idea of the Jewish Legion to fight with the British against common enemies and, the Zion Mule Corps was formed in 1915, considered to be the first all-Jewish military unit organized in close to two thousand years, and the ideological beginning of the Israel Defense Forces.

Négritude is a literary and ideological movement, developed by francophone black intellectuals, writers, and politicians

He developed a plan for " Rasse und Raum " (" race and space ", or territory ) which provided the ideological background for the Nazi expansive policy on behalf of the " Drang nach Osten " (" Drive to the east ") and of the " Lebensraum " (" Living space ") theory expounded in Mein Kampf.

" Hoxhaism " is an informal term used to refer to a variant of anti-revisionist Marxism – Leninism that developed in the late 1970s due to a split in the Maoist movement, appearing after the ideological row between the Communist Party of China and the Party of Labour of Albania in 1978.

Most of the early development of the MST concerned exactly areas of Southern Brazil where, in the absence of an open frontier, an ideological appeal at an alternate foundation for access to the land-other than formal private property-was developed as a response to the growing difficulties posed by agribusiness to the reproduction of family farming.

Unlike other breakaways from RC, which involved changes of leadership but otherwise continued to practice in similar ways to RC, the CCI break was ideological, and CCI developed in significantly different ways.

In a classification developed by Goulart's Foreign Minister and leader of the moderate left, Santiago Dantas, Brizola was the epitome of the " negative left "-a definition somewhat obscure, given the notorious absence, in Brizola's case, of clear ideological commitments.

The concept of civilians ' involvement in war also developed in connection with general development and change of the ideological attitude to the state.

Over time as the number of adoption groups has grown, a deep ideological division regarding Greyhound racing has developed.

In this historical cultural situation emerged and fully developed an organized ideological, military and literary movement, called Rilindja Kombëtare ( National Renaissance ).

The two developed a close relationship based on a personal friendship and their agreement on ideological matters.

A sharp division and struggle developed between them in ideological and political issues, Sison and his group lead the reestablishment of the party after he and his colleagues bolted out from the PKP.

Erikson has postulated that such ideological polarization temporarily resolves their search for something stable and definite in the rapidly changing and fluctuating no-man's-land between childhood and adulthood.

Relations between the United States of America and the Republic of Angola ( formerly the People's Republic of Angola ) have warmed since Angola's ideological renunciation of Marxism before the 1992 elections.

Archaeological interpretations of the Chaco road system are divided between an economic purpose and a symbolic, ideological role linked to ancestral Puebloan beliefs.

These measures plus the improvement in Israel's relations with Egypt and Jordan, the renunciation of terrorism by the Palestine Liberation Organization, the on-going peace talks between the PLO and Israel, the collapse of the communist states in East Europe, which reduced the scope for sanctuaries for terrorists, and the more cautious attitude of countries such as Libya and Syria after the U. S. declared them State-sponsors of international terrorism, the collapse of ideological terrorist groups such as the Red Army Faction and the tightening of civil aviation security measures by all countries have arrested and reversed the steep upward movement of hijackings.

A discussion about the methods of the political use of technology in the creation of a super-bomb began the ideological divergence between Andrei Sakharov and Nikita Khrushchev.

The confrontation between the PPT and UDT was more than simply ideological ; it represented different regional identities, with the PPT representing the Christian and animist south and the UDT the Islamic north.

Following the Second World War, psychologists conducted research into the different motives and tendencies that account for ideological differences between left and right.

Settlers acted as the link between the natives and the imperial hegemony, bridging the geographical, ideological and commercial gap between the colonisers and colonised.

Especially with respect to the aggregating by David of the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon Laws into a single family, David argued that the antithesis between the Anglo-Saxon Laws and Romano-German Laws, is of a technical rather than of an ideological nature.

This period lasted until almost the end of the 20th century, and is thought to be both an ideological and power struggle between the two superpowers.

Within the environmental movement an ideological debate has taken place between those with an ecocentric view point and an anthropocentric view point.

This is any ideological system or belief that claims to bridge the gap between man's yearning for absolute unity versus what he saw as the inherent irrational nature of the universe.

Hitler's ideological foes were the Communists in Russia but because of the German failure to defeat the United Kingdom and the Italian failures in North Africa and the Mediterranean the Axis forces were split between garrisoning western Europe and Scandinavia and attacking Africa.

In studying such transformations it is always necessary to distinguish between the material transformation of the economic conditions of production, which can be determined with the precision of natural science, and the legal, political, religious, artistic or philosophic — in short, ideological forms in which men become conscious of this conflict and fight it out.

Within the native culture, however, establishing a connection between English Language Teaching ( ELT ), patriotism and Muslim faith is seen as one of the aims of ELT, as the chairman of the Punjab Textbook Board openly states: " The board ... takes care, through these books to inoculate in the students a love of the Islamic values and awareness to guard the ideological frontiers of your students home lands " ( Punjab Text Book Board 1997 ).

A struggle between laughter for laughter ’ s sake and entertainment with a clear ideological message would define the golden age of the Soviet musical of the 1930s and 1940s.

This agreement became a " mutual support pact " and power-sharing arrangement between the Al Saud and the Al ash-Sheikh, which has remained in place for nearly 300 years, providing the ideological impetus to Saudi expansion.

Gerwarth argues that the constructed memory of Bismarck played a central role as an anti-democratic myth in the highly ideological battle over the past which raged between 1918 and 1933.

In some cases there are religious ideological distinctions between Hasidic groups, as well.

The Russian Revolution of October 1917 brought about the definitive ideological division between Communists as denoted with a capital " С " on the one hand and other communist and socialist trends such as anarcho-communists and social democrats, on the other.

The ideological tensions inside the SNP are further complicated by the arguments between the so-called SNP gradualists and SNP fundamentalists.

The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications.

The more modest goals of the Third Five-Year Plan ( 1981 – 85 ) were a compromise between ideological and pragmatic factions ; they emphasized the development of agriculture and industry.