According to informal tradition, O stars are called " blue ", B " blue-white ", A stars " white ", F stars " yellow-white ", G stars " yellow ", K stars " orange ", and M stars " red ", even though the actual star colors perceived by an observer may deviate from these colors depending on visual conditions and individual stars observed.

An unidentified flying object, often abbreviated UFO or U. F. O., is an unusual apparent anomaly in the sky that is not readily identifiable to the observer as any known object, often associated with extraterrestrial life.

This ability to detect stimuli that the observer is not conscious of can extend to discrimination of the type of stimulus ( for example, whether an ' X ' or ' O ' has been presented in the blind field ).

The majority of experiments were to be performed by two trained researchers working together, one functioning as the " observer " ( O ) and the other as the " experimenter " ( E ).

* Kathleen-Tim's daughter, an observer to O ' Brien's stories.

Other regular contributors included Malcolm Hoenlein, the executive vice president of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations ; the New York attorney and taste-maker Ed Hayes ; Larry Kudlow of CNBC's Kudlow & Company: Bill Whelan of the Hoover Institution: John Fund, Bret Stephens, Dan Henninger, Rob Pollock and Kim Strassel of the Wall Street Journal ; Jim McTague of Barron's Magazine ; Chuck Todd then of the Hotline, now NBC Political Director ; Fiona Harvey and Martin Wolf of the Financial Times ; Jodi Schneider of the Congressional Quarterly ; Matt Bai and A. O. Scott of the New York Times ; Katrina vanden Heuvel and Steve Cohen of The Nation ; Victor Davis Hanson, Henry Miller, and Larry Diamond of the Hoover Institution ; Adrian Wooldridge, Robert Guest, and John Parker of the Economist ; Monica Crowley ; as well as David Grinspoon, resident expert on the planet Mars and outer space, and Robert Zimmerman, award-winning NASA observer.

Although East Timor is not situated in the Pacific Ocean and not geographically part of Oceania, it also holds observer status in the Pacific Islands Forum, but does not seek full member status nor associate member status within the organisation, as it wishes to become a full member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( ASEAN ).

I feel assured, although I have not witnessed the experiment, that when the surface wind is from the east, as it was for several days last week, an observer in the balloon can be made to float nearly to the enemy's camp ( as it is now situated to the west of us ), or even to float over it, and then return eastward by rising to a higher elevation.

Lambertian reflection from polished surfaces are typically accompanied by specular reflection ( gloss ), where the surface luminance is highest when the observer is situated at the perfect reflection direction ( i. e. where the direction of the reflected light is a reflection of the direction of the incident light in the surface ), and falls off sharply.

The artist, unlike the philosopher, is not a removed observer aiming at neutral and rarified high levels of abstraction.

Occasionally, you may come across one or two bumblebees in the cold season, when you are turning over sods in your garden, but you have to be a really keen observer to see them at all.

The absolute magnitude is then equivalent to the apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard luminosity distance ( 10 parsecs ) away from the observer, in the absence of astronomical extinction.

Parallax is caused by a change in the position of the observer looking at a relatively nearby object, as measured against more distant objects, and is therefore dependent upon the distance between the observer and the object.

In contrast, stellar aberration is independent of the distance of a celestial object from the observer, and depends only on the observer's instantaneous transverse velocity in certain frame of reference, at the moment of observation.

The true position ( or geometric position ) is the direction of the straight line between the observer and star at the instant of observation.

For the simple case where the direction of the light beam along the line SE is perpendicular to the motion of the observer then only light emitted at an angle equal to the arc cosine of the ratio of the observer's speed to the speed of light will reach the telescope.

Since the ammeter shunt has a very low resistance, mistakenly wiring the ammeter in parallel with a voltage source will cause a short circuit, at best blowing a fuse, possibly damaging the instrument and wiring, and exposing an observer to injury.

Because of this property, the collapsed stars were called " frozen stars ," because an outside observer would see the surface of the star frozen in time at the instant where its collapse takes it inside the Schwarzschild radius.

In practice, it is very difficult, and at times arguably impossible, to adopt the point of view of an ideal observer.

However, another observer cannot benefit until the results of that measurement have been relayed to him, at less than or equal to the speed of light.

It can be thought as the rate at which the property changes when measured by an observer traveling with that group of particles.

The theory of Special Relativity allows one to transform the magnetic field into a static electric field for an observer moving at the same speed as the charge in the diagram.

In other words, singularities need to be hidden from an observer at infinity by the event horizon of a black hole.

Further efforts were made for the diagnoses to be purely descriptive, although the introductory text stated that for at least some disorders, " particularly the Personality Disorders, the criteria require much more inference on the part of the observer " ( p. xxiii ).

) Likewise, if a star is circumpolar for an observer at latitude, then it never rises above the horizon as seen by an observer at latitude −.

In the case of an electron, if it is initially " observed " at a particular slit, then the observer – particle ( photon – electron ) interaction includes information about the electron's position.

Therefore the time between the arrival of successive wave crests at the observer is reduced, causing an increase in the frequency.

Libya currently has observer status at certain meetings.

One rule is always obeyed regardless of the circumstances: EM radiation in a vacuum always travels at the speed of light, relative to the observer, regardless of the observer's velocity.

Before becoming member a party needs to have been observer of the EFA for at least one year.

The vector from an observer ( origin ) to a point of interest is projected perpendicularly onto a reference plane ; the angle between the projected vector and a reference vector on the reference plane is called the azimuth.

The " origin " of the analemma, where the solar declination and the equation of time are both zero, rises and sets at 6 am and 6 pm local mean time on every day of the year, irrespective of the latitude of the observer.

Because this history is currently described ( after the first fraction of a second after the origin ) almost entirely in terms of known physical processes and particle physics, the cosmological principle is extended to assert the homogeneity of cosmological evolution across the anisotropy of time: … all points in space ought to experience the same physical development, correlated in time in such a way that all points at a certain distance from an observer appear to be at the same stage of development.

* For an orbit outside the Solar System, the plane through the primary perpendicular to a line through the observer and the primary ( called the plane of the sky ) as the reference plane, and north, i. e., the perpendicular projection of the direction from the observer to the North Celestial Pole onto the plane of the sky, as the origin of longitude.

An observer ( I ) looks along a line parallel to the x-axis a distance y above the origin.

The observer is assumed to be located infinitely far from the origin so that the limits of integration are ±∞

The origin corresponds to the point on which the observer is fixating.

To the macroscopic observer, the precise origin of the microscopic forces that drive the motion is irrelevant.

However, although the contents of an observation are time-extended, the conceptual observer, being a geometric point at the origin of the light cone, is not extended in time or space.

In Newton's theory of mechanics, given two bodies, each with mass m, starting from rest at the origin and moving along the x-axis in opposite directions, one with speed v < sub > 1 </ sub > and the other with speed v < sub > 2 </ sub > the total kinetic energy of the system ( as calculated from an observer at the origin ) is and remains the same if the velocities are interchanged.

Three scenarios were suggested by Newton to answer the question of whether the absolute rotation of a local frame can be detected ; that is, if an observer can decide whether an observed object is rotating or if the observer is rotating.

Here we define some basic observational concepts, like angles and coordinates, defined in geodesy ( and astronomy as well ), mostly from the viewpoint of the local observer.

By contrast, in " Patterns of Force ," where the crew discovers that a Federation cultural observer has contaminated the culture he was supposed to be observing by having blatantly reformed a planet's government to emulate Nazi Germany, they help the local resistance overthrow the government.

The right ascension of any object crossing the meridian is equal to the current local ( apparent ) sidereal time, ignoring for present purposes that part of the circumpolar region north of the north celestial pole ( for an observer in the northern hemisphere ) or south of the south celestial pole ( for an observer in the southern hemisphere ) that is crossing the meridian the other way.

As seen from above the Earth's geographic pole | north pole, a star's local hour angle ( LHA ) for an observer near New York ( red ).

Similarly, the star will never rise above the local horizon if δ − θ is less than − 90 ° ( observer in northern hemisphere ), or δ − θ is greater than + 90 ° ( observer in southern hemisphere ).

Any timelike curve admits a comoving observer whose " time axis " corresponds to that curve, and, since no observer is privileged, we can always find a local coordinate system in which lightcones are inclined at 45 degrees to the time axis.

In fluid dynamics, the vorticity is a vector that describes the local spinning motion of a fluid near some point, as would be seen by an observer located at that point and traveling along with the fluid.

Liouville's Theorem shows that, for conserved classical systems, the local density of microstates following a particle path through phase space is constant as viewed by an observer moving with the ensemble ( i. e., the total or convective time derivative is zero ).

An object in free fall in this circumstance continues to move along its local axis, but to an external observer it appears it is accelerating in space as well — a common situation if the object is in orbit, for instance.

The Liberal Democratic Party constitution grants Liberal Youth at least one position on local party executives ; while federal Liberal Democrat committees such as the Federal Executive, Federal Policy Committee and International Relations Committee each admit an observer from the federal Liberal Youth organisation.

Despite some isolated incidents of irregularities and problems, such as one in the southern state of Campeche which involved the European Union electoral observer Rocco Buttiglione and which could have created problems for President Ernesto Zedillo had the PRI candidate won, there was little evidence that those incidents were centrally coordinated ( as opposed to led by local PRI officials ) and critics concluded that the irregularities that occurred did not alter the outcome of the presidential vote, which was more definitive than expected.

Physically speaking, this means the local density of a region of representative points in phase space is invariant, as viewed by an observer moving along with the systems.

Because the inverse of the Jacobian linearization of must exist for this observer to be well defined, the transformation is guaranteed to be a local diffeomorphism.

If the first seven steps are necessary preconditions to calculating the likelihood ( using the local environment ) then an anthropically biased observer can infer nothing about the general probabilities from its ( pre-determined ) surroundings.

Though most international observer organisations have a mandate to observe parliamentary elections, the Congress of the Council of Europe, in cooperation with the Venice Commission, is specifically mandated to monitor local and regional elections and is unique in this regard.

She acted as an international observer at local elections in Poland, Ukraine and Albania.

However, from the point of view of an observer at rest in the aether, the clocks are not synchronous and indicate the local time.