: Anaxagoras ( 500-428 BC )

Anaxagoras (, " lord of the assembly "; c. 500 – 428 BC ) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.

About 450 BC, according to Laertius, Pericles spoke in defense of Anaxagoras at his trial.

Even so Anaxagoras was forced to retire from Athens to Lampsacus in Troad ( c. 434 – 433 BC ).

Anaxagoras ( c. 450 BC ) agreed that the Earth was flat, and his pupil Archelaus believed that the flat Earth was depressed in the middle like a saucer, to allow for the fact that the Sun does not rise and set at the same time for everyone.

In the 5th century BC, Anaxagoras and Leucippus replaced the reality of Being ( unique and unchanging ) with that of Becoming and therefore by a more fundamental and elementary ontic plurality.

The first known mention of the term was in the writings of the 5th century BC Greek philosopher Anaxagoras.

* 434 BC: Anaxagoras tries to square the circle with straightedge and compass.

* Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher ( b. c. 500 BC )

* Archelaus ( philosopher ), pupil of Anaxagoras, 5th century BC

Anaxagoras enjoyed the patronage of influential figures such as Pericles, but oligarchic elements also had political advocates and Anaxagoras was charged with impiety and expelled from Athens around 437 BC.

Metrodorus of Lampsacus ( the elder ) ( 5th century BC ) was a philosopher from the school of Anaxagoras.

Born in Clazomenae in Asia Minor, Anaxagoras was the first philosopher to bring philosophy from Ionia to Athens.

Diogenes Laertius reports the story that he was prosecuted by Cleon for impiety, but Plutarch says that Pericles sent his former tutor, Anaxagoras, to Lampsacus for his own safety after the Athenians began to blame him for the Peloponnesian war.

His education was not confined to athletics: he also studied painting and philosophy under the masters Prodicus and Anaxagoras.

* 457 Pericles, Athenian statesman begins Golden Age, he was taught by Anaxagoras, who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms

At a later date the narrative was embellished with anecdotal detail: Melampus lived in Pylos during the reign of Anaxagoras or possibly Proetus.

In another version of Melampus ' story, when the women of Argos were driven mad by Dionysus, in the reign of Anaxagoras or possibly Proetus, Melampus was brought in to cure them, but demanded a third of the kingdom as payment.

He was the father of Argeus and possibly Anaxagoras ( or else Anaxagoras was his grandson through Argeus ).

In Greek mythology, Anaxagoras () was a king of Argos and son of either Megapenthes or his son Argeus.

When the women of Argos were driven mad by Dionysus, in the reign of Anaxagoras, Melampus was brought in to cure them, but demanded a third of the kingdom as payment.

Anaxagoras was succeeded by his son Alector.

Anaxagoras, whose works were studied by Socrates, was living in Athens when Aristophanes was a youth.

The power of Parmenides ' logic was such that some subsequent philosophers abandoned the monism of the Milesians, Xenophanes, Heraclitus, and Parmenides, where one thing was the arche, and adopted pluralism, such as Empedocles and Anaxagoras.

Klazomenai is today perhaps best known as the birthplace of the philosopher Anaxagoras, often styled " Anaxagoras of Clazomenae ".

Other notable philosophers of the Golden Age included Anaxagoras ; Democritus ( who first inquired as to what substance lies within all matter, the earliest known proposal of what is now called the atom or its sub-units ); Empedocles ; Hippias ; Isocrates ; Parmenides ; Heraclitus ; and Protagoras.

Among the most important were Heraclitus (" all is fire ", all is chaotic and transitory ), Anaxagoras ( reality is so ordered that it must be in all respects governed by mind ), the Pluralists and Atomists ( the world is composite of innumerable interacting parts ), the Eleatics Parmenides and Zeno ( all is One and change is impossible, as illustrated by his famous paradoxes of motion ), the Sophists ( became known, perhaps unjustly, for claiming that truth was no more than opinion and for teaching people to argue fallaciously to prove whatever conclusions they wished ).

Anaxagoras is famous for introducing the cosmological concept of Nous ( mind ), as an ordering force.

Anaxagoras, proposed the principle of Nous ( Mind ).

Anaxagoras of Clazomenae ( 500-428 BCE ) in Asia Minor, also maintained the existence of an ordering principle as well as a material substance, and while regarding the latter as an infinite multitude of imperishable primary elements ; he conceived divine reason or Mind ( nous ) as ordering them.

There were, they said, multiple elements which were not reducible to one another and these were set in motion by love and strife ( as in Empedocles ) or by Mind ( as in Anaxagoras ).

Anaxagoras theory was that the original state of the world was a roughly even mixture of all opposites, and that it was the effect of the action of nous ( intelligence or mind ) that led to the partial separation of such opposites, hot from cold, land from water, rarefied from dense.

Chapters 3 and 4 are among the most difficult in all of Aristotle's works and involve subtle refutations of the thought of Paremenides, Melissus and Anaxagoras.

The great statesman Pericles was closely associated with this new learning and a friend of Anaxagoras, however, and his political opponents struck at him by taking advantage of a conservative reaction against the philosophers ; it became a crime to investigate the things above the heavens or below the earth, subjects considered impious.

Thinkers and teachers like the Buddha, Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Parmenides, and Anaxagoras contributed to such awakenings which Plato would later call anamnesis, or a remembering of things forgotten.

From the lifetime of the Greek philosopher Anaxagoras in the 5th century BCE to the 14th century CE, earthquakes were usually attributed to " air ( vapors ) in the cavities of the Earth.

But for them, we should be without the most important fragments of the writings of the Eleatics, of Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Diogenes of Apollonia, and others, which were at that time already very scarce, as well as without many extracts from the lost books of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Eudemus: but for them we should hardly be able to unriddle the doctrine of the Categories, so important for the system of the Stoics.

After this there were three kings ruling Argos at any time, one descended from each of Bias, Melampus, and Anaxagoras.

Likewise we find mention of monographs of Theophrastus on the early Greek philosophers Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Archelaus, Diogenes of Apollonia, Democritus, which were made use of by Simplicius ; and also on Xenocrates, against the Academics, and a sketch of the political doctrine of Plato.

Among them were the philosopher Anaxagoras, the historian Herodotus and the architect Hippodamus of Miletus, who reconstructed Peiraeus.

The Philosophers Anaxagoras, Protagoras, Socrates, Stilpo, Theodorus of Cyrene, Aristotle, and Theophrastus were accused of impiety under this decree.