In addition to languages spoken today, Afroasiatic includes several ancient languages, such as Ancient Egyptian, Akkadian, and Biblical Hebrew.

However, Ancient Egyptian is highly divergent from Proto-Afroasiatic ( Trombetti 1905: 1 – 2 ), and considerable time must have elapsed in between them.

The Greeks further identified the Ancient Egyptian goddess Hathor with Aphrodite.

Ancient Egyptian papyrus depicting the journey into the afterlife.

The afterlife played an important role in Ancient Egyptian religion, and its belief system is one of the earliest known.

Ancient Egyptian civilization was based on religion ; their belief in the rebirth after death became their driving force behind their funeral practices.

* Abydos, Egypt, an Ancient Egyptian city

It has recently been suggested that the regional decline at the end of the Akkadian period ( and First Intermediary Period of the Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom ) was associated with rapidly increasing aridity, and failing rainfall in the region of the Ancient Near East, caused by a global centennial-scale drought.

The aegis also appears in Ancient Egyptian mythology.

Ancient Egyptian Magic.

In Ancient Egyptian architecture as early as 2600 BC the architect Imhotep made use of stone columns whose surface was carved to reflect the organic form of bundled reeds ; in later Egyptian architecture faceted cylinders were also common.

This calendar is in turn based on the old Egyptian calendar of Ancient Egypt.

* Ancient Egyptian Geography

* Comparison Between Ancient And Modern Egyptian Governments at Aldokkan

Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BC referred to these fish as the " Thunderer of the Nile ", and described them as the " protectors " of all other fish.

Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society.

The beliefs and rituals now referred to as " Ancient Egyptian religion " existed within every aspect of Egyptian culture.

Ancient Egyptian religion was not a monolithic institution, but consisted of a vast and varying set of beliefs and practices, linked by their common focus on the interaction between the world of humans and the world of the divine.

Category: Ancient Egyptian pyramids

Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes, and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production.

An early example of the Golden Rule that reflects the Ancient Egyptian concept of Maat appears in the story of The Eloquent Peasant, which dates to the Middle Kingdom ( c. 2040 – 1650 BCE ): " Now this is the command: Do to the doer to cause that he do thus to you.

These thinkers blended Aristotelian philosophy with Christianity, bringing the thought of Ancient Greece into the Middle Ages.

It has also been recently suggested that the rapid climatic collapse, marking the Akkadian Dark Age, may have been responsible for the religiously prescribed prohibition against the raising and consumption of pigs that spread through the Ancient Middle East from the end of the third millennium BC.

Category: Ancient Middle Eastern wisdom literature

The mobility and shock value of the cavalry was greatly appreciated and exploited in armed forces in the Ancient and Middle Ages ; some forces were mostly cavalry, particularly in nomadic societies of Asia, notably the Mongol armies.

Ancient Greek fell into disuse in western Europe in the Middle Ages, but remained officially in use in the Byzantine world, and was reintroduced to the rest of Europe with the Fall of Constantinople and Greek migration to the areas of Italy.

During the Ancient and Middle Ages Infantry were categorized by the types of weapons and armor they used, such as heavy, medium, and light infantry.

The collection, among the world's largest, overviews Egyptian life spanning Ancient Egypt, the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom, Coptic art, and the Roman, Ptolemaic, and Byzantine periods.

Just as cars had replaced the horse, so modernist design should reject the old styles and structures inherited from Ancient Greece or from the Middle Ages.

This includes the ancient and medieval kingdoms and empires of the Middle East and Near East, ancient Iran, ancient Egypt, ancient Nubia, and Anatolia ( Turkey ), Ancient Nok, Carthage, the Greeks and Romans of ancient Europe, medieval Europe, ancient and medieval China, ancient and medieval India, ancient and medieval Japan, amongst others.

He was comparing his own period to the Ancient or Classical world, seeing his time as a time of rebirth after a dark intermediate period, the Middle Ages.

The idea that the Middle Ages was a " middle " phase between two other large scale periodizing concepts, Ancient and Modern, still persists.

Ancient cities in the Middle East show archaeological evidence of having had fortified city walls.

Middle Kingdom began in Ancient Egypt.

* c. 2055 BC: Middle Kingdom began in Ancient Egypt ( other date is 2040 BC ).

* c. 8000 BC — Middle East — Ancient flint tools from north and central Arabia belong to hunter-gatherer societies

* 1640 BC — The Middle Kingdom ends in Ancient Egypt and the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt starts.

* c. 1674 BC — End of Middle Kingdom in Ancient Egypt.

* c. 1650 BC — Middle Kingdom ends in Ancient Egypt ( other date is 1674 BC ).

Alexandria, the second largest city of Egypt, was a flourishing city in the Ancient era, but declined during the Middle Ages.

Hedgehogs were eaten in Ancient Egypt and some recipes of the Late Middle Ages call for hedgehog meat.

* Ferdinand Lot, End of the Ancient World and the Beginnings of the Middle Ages ( Harper Torchbooks Printing, New York, 1961.

During these periods, Canaanites profited from their intermediary position between the ancient civilisations of the Middle East — Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia ( Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, Babylonia ), the Hittites, and Minoan Crete — to become city states of merchant princes along the coast, with small kingdoms specializing in agricultural products in the interior.

Map of the Ancient Near East during the Amarna Period, showing the great powers of the day: Egypt ( green ), Hittite empire | Hatti ( yellow ), the Kassites | Kassite kingdom of Babylon ( purple ), Middle Assyrian Empire ( grey ), and Mitanni ( red ).