but why did the Old Chinese postulate five elements, when the Ancient Near East -- which may have initiated the idea that natural elements exerted influence in human life and activities -- recognized only four??

An abbot ( from Old English abbod, abbad, from Latin abbas (“ father ”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς ( abbas ), from Aramaic ܐܒܐ / אבא (’ abbā, “ father ”); confer German Abt ; French abbé ) is the head and chief governor of a community of monks, called also in the East hegumen or archimandrite.

It has recently been suggested that the regional decline at the end of the Akkadian period ( and First Intermediary Period of the Ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom ) was associated with rapidly increasing aridity, and failing rainfall in the region of the Ancient Near East, caused by a global centennial-scale drought.

These powers of evil were variously known as the Great Old Ones or the Ancient Ones ...

This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and Scandinavian languages as dialects of Old Norse.

The Ancient Greek form Euphrátēs was borrowed from Old Persian Ufrātu, itself from Elamite ú-ip-ra-tu-iš.

The English word guitar, the German, and the French were adopted from the Spanish, which comes from the Andalusian Arabic, itself derived from the Latin, which in turn came from the Ancient Greek, and is thought to ultimately trace back to the Old Persian language Tar, which means string in Persian.

While not very prominent in modern English, cases featured much more saliently in Old English and other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, Ancient Greek, and Sanskrit.

Their dialects, sometimes referred to as Ancient Pomeranian, had transitory character between the Polabian dialects spoken west of Pomerania, and the Old Polish dialects spoken to the Southeast.

The word Panthera is probably of Oriental origin and retraceable to the Ancient Greek word panther, the Latin word panthera, the Old French word pantere, most likely meaning " the yellowish animal ", or from pandarah meaning whitish-yellow.

The first known system of taxation was in Ancient Egypt around 3000 BC-2800 BC in the first dynasty of the Old Kingdom.

Another posited derivation is from the Ancient Greek barbaros, the Old Persian varhara, and the Sanskrit varvar and barbara.

The civilization of Ancient Egypt rose to a peak with the Old Kingdom.

The inscriptions are written in various Halegannada ( Old Kannada ) and Purvahalagannada ( Ancient Kannada ) characters.

* c. 1700 BC: Minoan Old Palace period ends and Minoan Second Palace period starts in Ancient Greece.

Old Church Slavonic, Old Church Slavic ( OCS ) (, slověnĭskŭ językŭ ) was the first literary Slavic language, developed by the 9th century Byzantine Greek missionaries Saints Cyril and Methodius who were credited with standardizing the language and using it for translating the Bible and other Ancient Greek ecclesiastical texts as part of the Christianisation of the Slavic peoples.

Kerch (,,, Old East Slavic: Кърчевъ, Ancient Greek: Pantikapaion, ) is a city on the Kerch Peninsula of eastern Crimea, an important industrial, transport and tourist centre of Ukraine.

* c. 2190 BC: Caused by a severe drought, Old Kingdom finished in Ancient Egypt.

* c. 2181 BC: Old Kingdom ends in Ancient Egypt ( other date is 2190 BC ).

* 2180 BC: Old Kingdom ends in Ancient Egypt.

* KR Veenhof, Kanesh: an Old Assyrian colony in Anatolia, in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East ed.

Ancient and Renaissance cameos were made from semi-precious gemstones, especially the various types of onyx and agate, and any other stones with a flat plane where two contrasting colours meet ; these are " hardstone " cameos.

# Beaumont also reasons that the name may have come from the red coloured shrub, the Coccus, whose colour is pronounced Coch and many Ancient Britains had names related to colours.

The dog-whelk can be used to produce red-purple and violet dyes, like its Mediterranean relations the spiny dye-murex Bolinus brandaris, the banded dye-murex Hexaplex trunculus and the rock-shell Stramonita haemastoma which provided the red-purple and violet colours that the Ancient World valued so highly.

In military organizations, the practice of carrying colours, standards or guidons, both to act as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Ancient Egypt some 5, 000 years ago.

The 1860 sett is used to define both the Ancient and the Modern colours, the Ancient colours being lighter and less sharp ( for example, the red of the modern colours is more orange for the ancient colours ).

Ancient runo-styled songs are also important, as are traditional clothings adorned with decorations and bright colours that symbolize ancient legends and poems.

It has also been recently suggested that the rapid climatic collapse, marking the Akkadian Dark Age, may have been responsible for the religiously prescribed prohibition against the raising and consumption of pigs that spread through the Ancient Middle East from the end of the third millennium BC.

There may also be a connection with the Roman god of war Mars, via hypothetical Proto-Indo-European * M ̥ rēs ; compare Ancient Greek μάρναμαι ( marnamai ), " to fight, to battle ", or Punjabi maarna ( to kill, to hit ).

b. Youatt states that the Southern Hound may have been native to the British Isles and used on hunts by the Ancient Britons.

Attempts at further expansion into the politically fractious world of Ancient Greece may have been inevitable.

Cepheus ( Ancient Greek: Κηφεύς, Kepheús ) may refer to:

There is a depiction of a hockey-like game from 200 BC in Ancient Greece when the game may have been called " Κερητίζειν " (" kerētízein ") because it was played with a horn (" κέρας " in Greek ) and a ball-like object.

This may lead to more of a focus on etiquette than on ethics as understood in Western civilization, leading some in Western civilizations to question why the word ethos was adapted from Ancient Greek with such vast differences in cultural norms.

Thomas Cannon wrote what may be the earliest published defence of homosexuality in English, Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplify'd ( 1749 ).

This Harifian culture may have adopted the use of pottery from the Isnan culture and Helwan culture of Egypt ( which lasted from 9000-4500 BC ), and subsequently fused with elements from the PPNB culture during the climatic crisis of 6000 BC to form what Juris Zarins calls the Syro-Arabian pastoral technocomplex, which saw the spread of the first Nomadic pastoralists in the Ancient Near East.

In Egypt, 4000-year-old carvings feature teams with sticks and a projectile, hurling dates to before 1272 BC in Ireland, and there is a depiction from c. 600 BC in Ancient Greece where the game may have been called kerētízein or kerhtízein ( κερητίζειν ) because it was played with a horn or horn-like stick ( kéras, κέρας ) In Inner Mongolia, China, the Daur people have been playing beikou, a game similar to modern field hockey, for about 1, 000 years.

This word may derive from the Ancient Greek erimos meaning " desert ".

In Ancient Rome there was a knightly class Ordo Equestris ( order of mounted nobles ) from which European knighthood may have been derived.

" Also in 1990, Thomas McFarland stated, " Judging by the number and variety of critical effort to interpret their meaning, there may be no more palpably symbolic poems in all of English literature than Kubla Khan and The Ancient Mariner.

In the case of a frog croaking, the spelling may vary because different frog species around the world make different sounds: Ancient Greek brekekekex koax koax ( only in Aristophanes ' comic play The Frogs ) for probably marsh frogs ; English ribbit for species of frog found in North America ; English verb " croak " for the common frog.

Ancient Chinese " money cards " have four suits: coins ( or cash ), strings of coins ( which may have been misinterpreted as sticks from crude drawings ), myriads ( of coins or of strings ), and tens of myriads ( a myriad is 10, 000 ).

Semaphore, from Ancient Greek σῆμα ( sêma ), “‘ sign ’”, and φορός ( phoros ), “‘ bearing, bearer ’”, may refer to:

This method resembles the Ancient Greek practice of placing an obolus in the corpse's mouth to pay the toll to cross the River Styx in the underworld ; it has been argued that instead, the coin was intended to ward off any evil spirits from entering the body, and this may have influenced later vampire folklore.

In both Ancient Egypt and Mesoamerica writing may have evolved through calendrics and a political necessity for recording historical and environmental events.

In both Mesoamerica and Ancient Egypt writing may have evolved through calendrics and a political necessity for recording historical and environmental events.

The hypothesis that the Ancient Roman custom of crucifixion may have developed out of a primitive custom of arbori suspendere — hanging on an arbor infelix ( unfortunate tree ) dedicated to the gods of the nether world — is rejected by William A. Oldfather, who shows that this form of execution ( the supplicium more maiorum, punishment in accordance with the custom of our ancestors ) consisted of suspending someone from a tree, not dedicated to any particular gods, and flogging him to death.

These various forms may possibly be different perceptions of the same multi-layered deity in which certain attributes or syncretic relationships are emphasized, not necessarily in opposition but complementary to one another, consistent with how the Ancient Egyptians viewed the multiple facets of reality.

The personal table fork was most likely invented in the Eastern Roman, or Byzantine, Empire where they were in common use by the 4th century CE ( its origin may even go back to Ancient Greece, before the Roman period ).

The light of Greece may be another important factor in the development of the particular character of Ancient Greek architecture.