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Antiochus initially gained support from Ptolemaic forces and was the last Seleucid ruler of any military reputation, even if it was on a local scale.
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Antiochus and initially
Although initially unsuccessful in the Fourth Syrian War against Egypt, which led to a defeat at the Battle of Raphia ( 217 BC ), Antiochus would prove himself to be the greatest of the Seleucid rulers after Seleucus I himself.
Antiochus initially set up his camp at a distance of 10 ( about 2 km ) and then only 5 stades ( about 1 km ) from his adversary's.
Antiochus and gained
* Antiochus III's commander in Anatolia, Achaeus, having recovered all the districts which Attalus of Pergamum has gained, is accused by Hermeias, the chief minister of Antiochus, of intending to revolt.
Between 17 and 38, Antiochus seems to have gained Roman citizenship.
Rising to the throne at the age of eighteen in 223 BC, his early campaigns against the Ptolemaic Kingdom were unsuccessful, but in the following years Antiochus gained several military victories.
Antiochus and support
* The Seleucid king Demetrius I Soter's relations with Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamum and Ptolemy VI Philometor of Egypt deteriorate to the point where they support a rival claimant to the Syrian throne, Alexander Balas, who claims to be the son of the former Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and, therefore, a first cousin of Demetrius.
Antiochus IV supports the reform party because of the financial support they provide him with.
With Macedonia's support, Antiochus II launches an attack on Ptolemaic outposts in Asia Minor.
Antiochus marched to support one such isolated garrison with only a small force ( likely only his Royal Guards ).
Zabinas managed to defeat Demetrius II, who fled to Tyre and was killed there, and thereafter ruled parts of Syria ( 128 BC – 123 BC ), but soon ran out of Egyptian support and was in his turn was defeated by Demetrius ' son Antiochus VIII Grypus.
In 168 BCE, after successfully invading the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt ( apparently without Jewish support ), Antiochus IV was pressured by the Roman Republic to withdraw.
As Demetrius II did not keep his promise, Jonathan thought it better to support the new king when Diodotus Tryphon and Antiochus VI seized the capital, especially as the latter confirmed all his rights and appointed his brother Simon ( Simeon ) strategos of the seacoast, from the " Ladder of Tyre " to the frontier of Egypt.
While Leonnorius was still before Byzantium, Nicomedes, king of Bithynia, being in want of support in his war with his brother and Antiochus, agreed to take him and his troops, as well as those of Lutarius, into his pay, and furnished them with the means of passing over into Asia ( 278 BC ).
Antiochus and from
: Platonists on Aristotle from Antiochus to Porphyry, Oxford University Press, pp. 191 – 215.
The visions describe the national crisis that occurred under Antiochus IV Epiphanes, a Seleucid king who attempted to introduce Hellenistic religious practices, including the worship of idols, into the temple and the Jewish religion more generally, sparking outrage from Biblical authors.
In history, Antiochus persecuted the Jews unmercifully from 176-164 BC, which led to the Maccabean revolt of 167 BC.
The Gemara, in tractate Shabbat 21, focuses on Shabbat candles and moves to Hanukkah candles and says that after the forces of Antiochus IV had been driven from the Temple, the Maccabees discovered that almost all of the ritual olive oil had been profaned.
Antiochus I ( reigned 281 – 261 BC ) and his son and successor Antiochus II Theos ( reigned 261 – 246 BC ) were faced with challenges in the west, including repeated wars with Ptolemy II and a Celtic invasion of Asia Minor — distracting attention from holding the eastern portions of the Empire together.
Antiochus and Philip V of Macedon then made a pact to divide the Ptolemaic possessions outside of Egypt, and in the Fifth Syrian War, the Seleucids ousted Ptolemy V from control of Coele-Syria.
While he ruled Babylonia and eastern Syria from Damascus, the remnants of Balas ' supporters — first supporting Balas ' son Antiochus VI, then the usurping general Diodotus Tryphon — held out in Antioch.
Diodotus and his successors were able to maintain themselves against the attacks of the Seleucids — particularly from Antiochus III the Great, who was ultimately defeated by the Romans ( 190 BC ).
There, although the time he spent in administrative duties slowed the flow of paintings from his brush, he executed Antiochus and Stratonice ( executed for Louis-Philippe, duc d ' Orléans ), Portrait of Luigi Cherubini, and the Odalisque with Slave, among other works.
** Antiochus V Eupator, ruler of the Seleucid Empire, who has reigned from 164 BC ( b. c. 173 BC )
** Timarchus, Seleucid nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Anatolia, appointed governor of Media in western Iran by the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes and who has rebelled against his successor, Demetrius I Soter, until he is killed in a battle with Demetrius ' forces
* 173 BC – Antiochus V Eupator, ruler of the Seleucid Empire from 164 BC ( d. 162 BC )
* 187 BC – Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC, who has rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Greece and Anatolia ( b. c. 241 BC )
* Andragoras, a Seleucid satrap of the province of Partahia ( Parthia ), tries to gain independence from the Seleucid Kingdom under Antiochus II.
* Antiochus III returns from his eastern campaigns, after having defeated the Bactrians and subjugated the Parthians and thus being able to partly restore Seleucid power in these provinces by crushing the revolting governors of Media, Persia and Anatolia.
The Seleucids win the battle which allows Antiochus III to obtain entire possession of Palestine and Coele-Syria from King Ptolemy V of Egypt.
* The Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio and Cato the Elder cut the Seleucid king Antiochus III off from his reinforcements in Thrace and outflank his position at the pass of Thermopylae in the Battle of Thermopylae.
With the remainder of his troops, Antiochus flees to Chalcis on Euboea and from there he retreats by sea to Ephesus.
* Manius Acilius Glabrio then turns his attention to the Aetolian League, which has persuaded Antiochus to declare war against Rome, and is only prevented from crushing them by the intercession of Titus Quinctius Flamininus.
* With the increasingly real threat to his Empire from the Romans, Antiochus III is eager to negotiate on the basis of Rome's previous demands, but the Romans insist that he first give up the region west of the Taurus Mountains.
* The Seleucid king, Antiochus III, mounts a fresh expedition to the east of his kingdom in Luristan, where he is killed during an attempt to collect tribute from a temple at Elymais, Persia.
* Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC, who has rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Greece and Anatolia ( b. c. 241 BC )
* The Roman general Scipio Africanus and his brother Lucius are accused by Cato the Elder and his supporters of having received bribes from the late Seleucid king Antiochus III.
* Having recovered the central part of Anatolia from the usurper Achaeus, Antiochus III turns his forces to recover the outlying provinces to the north and east of the Seleucid kingdom.
Antiochus and Ptolemaic
* The Battle of Panium is fought between Seleucid forces led by Antiochus III and Ptolemaic forces led by Scopas of Aetolia.
Following the conquest of Judea by Alexander the Great, it became part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt until 200 BCE, when King Antiochus III the Great of Syria defeated King Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt at the Battle of Panion.
Antiochus III the Great and Philip V of Macedon made a pact to divide the Ptolemaic possessions overseas.
Ptolemaic Empire in 200 BC, during the reign of Ptolemy V ( before the second invasion of Antiochus III ).
Since, however, his power was not well enough grounded to allow an attack on Syria, Antiochus considered that he might leave Achaeus for the present and renew his attempt on Ptolemaic Syria.
The campaigns of 219 BC and 218 BC carried the Seleucid armies almost to the confines of Ptolemaic Kingdom, but in 217 BC Ptolemy IV defeated Antiochus at the Battle of Raphia.
In 205 / 204 BC the infant Ptolemy V Epiphanes succeeded to the Egyptian throne, and Antiochus is said ( notably by Polybios ) to have concluded a secret pact with Philip V of Macedon for the partition of the Ptolemaic possessions.
Once more Antiochus attacked the Ptolemaic province of Coele Syria and Phoenicia, and by 199 BC he seems to have had possession of it before the Aetolian, Scopas, recovered it for Ptolemy.
But that recovery proved brief, for in 198 BC Antiochus defeated Scopas at the Battle of Panium, near the sources of the Jordan, a battle which marks the end of Ptolemaic rule in Judea.
Antiochus then moved to Asia Minor, by land and by sea, to secure the coast towns which belonged to the remnants of Ptolemaic overseas dominions and the independent Greek cities.
In 197 BC Antiochus III had captured a number of cities in Asia Minor previously under the control of the Ptolemaic kingdom of Egypt.
Diodotus wrested independence for his territory after the death of the Seleucid ruler Antiochus II, who had been embroiled in a war against Ptolemaic Egypt:
He was son of king Antiochus X Eusebes and the Ptolemaic princess Cleopatra Selene I, who acted as regent for the boy after his father's death sometime between 92 and 85 BC.
Seleucus was unknown until recently: from coins issued by him and his mother, Ptolemaic princess Cleopatra Selene, it is presumed that he was her son by king Antiochus X Eusebes, and a brother of later king Antiochus XIII Asiaticus.
He married the Ptolemaic princess Tryphaena, but in 116 BC his half-brother and cousin Antiochus IX Cyzicenus ( see Antiochus VII Sidetes ) returned from exile and a civil war began.
100 CE ), after Antiochus IV's successful invasion of Ptolemaic Egypt was turned back by the intervention of the Roman Republic, Antiochus instead moved to assert strict control over Israel, sacking Jerusalem and its Temple, suppressing Jewish religious and cultural observances, and imposing Hellenistic practices.
Laodice ’ s father was the Seleucid King Antiochus VIII Grypus while her mother was Ptolemaic Princess and later Seleucid Queen Tryphaena ( see Cleopatra VI of Egypt ).
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