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AppleTalk included a number of features that allowed local area networks to be connected with no prior setup or the need for a centralized router or server of any sort.
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AppleTalk and included
When the newly-christened AppleTalk shipped in early 1985, it included a number of compromises.
Apple had considered the problem, and AppleTalk included the possibility for a low-cost LocalTalk-to-Ethernet bridge, but they felt it would be a low-volume product and left it to 3rd parties.
These included updates to EtherTalk and TokenTalk, AppleTalk software and LocalTalk hardware for the IBM PC, EtherTalk for Apple's A / UX operating system allowing it to use LaserPrinters and other network resources, and the Mac X. 25 and MacX products.
Note that, because a name translated to an address, which included a socket number as well as a node number, a name in AppleTalk mapped directly to a service being provided by a machine, which was entirely separate from the name of the machine itself.
It also presented two practical advantages to the company ; STREAMS ' multiprotocol support would allow them to support both TCP / IP and AppleTalk from a single interface, and a portable cross-platform version of STREAMS was available for purchase commercially, one that included a high-quality TCP implementation.
AppleTalk included a number of features that made this even more difficult.
AppleTalk and number
AppleTalk support was also available in most networked printers ( especially laser printers ), some file servers and a number of routers.
Support was added to OS X in order to provide support for the large number of existing AppleTalk devices, notably laser printers and file shares, but alternate connection solutions common in this era, notably USB for printers, limited their demand.
Each node dynamically chose its own node number, according to a protocol ( originally the LocalTalk Link Access Protocol LLAP and later the AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol, AARP ) which handled contention between different nodes accidentally choosing the same number.
An example of a managed object is ', which is a scalar object that contains a single object instance, the integer value that indicates the total number of input AppleTalk packets on a router interface.
In particular AppleTalk had a number of internal tasks for discovery and naming that ran all the time and made the protocol " chatty ".
AppleTalk and allowed
The relatively slow speed of AppleTalk allowed further reductions in cost.
Instead of using RS-422's balanced transmit and receive circuits, the AppleTalk Personal Network cabling used a single common electrical ground, which limited speeds to about 500 kbit / s, but allowed one conductor to be removed.
PhoneNet allowed AppleTalk networks to be connected together using normal phone wires, even existing runs already being used for phones.
The AppleTalk address resolution protocol ( AARP ) allowed AppleTalk hosts to automatically generate their own network addresses, and the Name Binding Protocol ( NBP ) was a dynamic system for mapping network addresses to user-readable names.
However, the LaserWriter featured AppleTalk support that allowed the printer to be shared among as many as sixteen Macs, meaning that its per-user price could fall to under $ 450, far less expensive than HPs less-advanced model.
The LaserWriter was also the first peripheral to use the LocalTalk connector and Apple ’ s unified round AppleTalk Connector Family, which allowed any variety of mechanical networking systems to be plugged into the ports on the computers or printers.
New software drivers allowed the ImageWriter LQ to be used on AppleTalk local area networks and supports use of tabloid, or B, size paper ().
Earlier versions of AppleShare supported only the AppleTalk network transport protocol but later versions, sold under the name AppleShare IP, allowed use of the TCP / IP protocol stack, as used on most modern networks.
The Chooser allowed users to connect to AppleShare file servers ( via AppleTalk or TCP / IP ), enable or disable the network access, and select which printer to use.
AppleTalk Remote Access, or ATRA, was a protocol stack that allowed AppleTalk to be run over modems.
Centram Systems product, called TOPS (" Transcendental Operating System "), allowed transparent file sharing among Macs, PCs, and Unix machines, using the AppleTalk protocol.
AppleTalk and area
Although this market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in this area continue to be influential on the Internet and in both Linux and Apple Mac OS X networking — and the TCP / IP protocol has now almost completely replaced IPX, AppleTalk, NBF, and other protocols used by the early PC LANs.
AppleTalk and networks
AppleTalk was so easy to use that ad-hoc networks tended to appear whenever multiple Macs were in the same room.
Apple also added its own implementation of AppleTalk to the stack to support legacy networks.
For networks without AppleTalk zones, an asterisk (*) would be substituted for the zone name.
Small networks could be set up simply by installing the standard " client " software ; the machines would discover each other on AppleTalk and communicate directly.
An MS-DOS client was added for PCs on AppleTalk networks.
AppleTalk and be
At the time it was being developed, a full, reliable connection-oriented protocol like TCP was considered to be too expensive to implement for most of the intended uses of AppleTalk.
Marathon network games can be played over AppleTalk Remote, LocalTalk, TokenTalk, Ethernet, and more recently, a LAN network or the Internet.
Many of the built-in Macintosh peripherals can be " borrowed " by the card when in Apple II mode ( i. e. extra RAM, 3 floppy, AppleTalk networking, clock, hard disk ).
The upgraded ROM added rudimentary support for an external AppleTalk networking device which was yet to be developed.
( Versions up to 7. 5 could boot from a floppy, but there would be no room for other applications, although it was possible to access an AFP server on an AppleTalk network.
The clustered networking technology can be viewed as a precursor of Apple Computer's AppleTalk network.
Remote machines initially had to be connected via AppleTalk, but Mac OS 9 added the option for connections via TCP / IP.
AppleTalk and connected
Based on the AppleTalk protocol stack, LocalTalk connected the LaserWriter to the Mac over an RS-422 serial port.
Eventually, the LaserWriter and other printers were capable of being connected using AppleTalk, Apple's built-in networking system.
AppleTalk and with
Additionally, AppleTalk was designed from the start to allow use with any potential underlying physical link.
AppleTalk was at that time the most used networking system in the world, with over three times the installations of any other vendor.
By this point Apple had a wide variety of communications products under development, and many of these were announced along with AppleTalk Phase II.
However, the loss of AppleTalk did not reduce the desire for networking solutions that combined its ease-of-use with IP routing.
The Apple Filing Protocol ( AFP ), formerly AppleTalk Filing Protocol, is the protocol for communicating with AppleShare file servers.
ZIP was the protocol by which AppleTalk network numbers were associated with zone names.
PPP was designed to work with numerous network layer protocols, including Internet Protocol ( IP ), TRILL, Novell's Internetwork Packet Exchange ( IPX ), NBF and AppleTalk.
At the time, Apple planned to release a suite of AppleTalk products as part of the Macintosh Office, with the LaserWriter being only the first component.
The new firmware removed the code for the cancelled AppleTalk networking device and replaced it with support for memory cards.
Internals began the 6xx series with the release of the 600n, multi-protocol card that supported TCP / IP, IPX / SPX, DLC / LLC, and AppleTalk over a token-ring network ; along with the 1760x series external print server-also multi-protocol.
FCP could run on several different physical layers, starting with modems and AppleTalk, and later adding Novell's IPX and TCP / IP.
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